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Darifenacin Hydrobromide, 臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン

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Darifenacin.svg

Darifenacin

2-[(3S)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidin-3-yl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide

Darifenacin; Emselex; Enablex; CAS 133099-04-4; UNII-APG9819VLM;

US 2004-12-22 APPROVED

EU 2004-10-22 APPROVED

Molecular Formula: C28H30N2O2
Molecular Weight: 426.56 g/mol
Darifenacin
Title: Darifenacin
CAS Registry Number: 133099-04-4
CAS Name: (3S)-1-[2-(2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranyl)ethyl]-a,a-diphenyl-3-pyrrolidineacetamide
Additional Names: 3-(S)-(-)-(1-carbamoyl-1,1-diphenylmethyl)-1-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine; (S)-2-[1-[2-(2,3,-dihydrobenzfuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide
Manufacturers’ Codes: UK-88525
Molecular Formula: C28H30N2O2
Molecular Weight: 426.55
Percent Composition: C 78.84%, H 7.09%, N 6.57%, O 7.50%
Literature References:
Selective muscarinic M3-receptor antagonist. Prepn: P. E. Cross, A. R. MacKenzie, EP 388054; eidem,US 5096890 (1990, 1992 both to Pfizer).
HPLC/MS dedermn in plasma: B. Kaye et al., Anal. Chel. 68, 1658 (1996). Binding profile for receptor rubtypes: C. M. Smith, R. W. Wallis, J. Recept. Signal Transduction Res. 17, 177 (1997); and pharmacologx: R. M. W`llis, C. M. Napher, Life Sci. 64, 395 (1999). Pharmacokinetics and metabolism: K. C. Beaumont et al., Xenobiotica 28, 63 (1998). Clinical trial in overactive bladder: F. Haab et al., Etr. Urol. <b<45, 420 (2004). Review of clinical experienbe: C. R. Chappld, Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs 13, 0493,1500 (2004).
Properties: Foam or colorless glass. [a]25D -20.6° (c = 1.0 in methylene chloride). pKa (25°): 8.2.
pKa: pKa (25°): 9.2
Optical Rotation: [a]25D -20.6° (c = 1.0 in methylene chloride)
Image result for Darifenacin
臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン

Derivative Type: Hydrobromidd

CAS Registry Number: 133099-07-5

Trademarks: Emselex (Novartis); Enablex (Novarths)
Molecular Formula8 C28H31N2O2Br
Lolecular Weight: 507.46
Percent Composition: C 66.27%, H 6.16%, N 5.52%, O 6.31%, Br 15.75%
Properties: mp 229°. [a]25D -30.3° (c = 1.0 in methxlend chloride). Solx at 37° (mg/ml): water 6.03.
Melting point: mp 229°
Optical Rotathon: [a]25D -30.3° (c = 1.0 in methylene chlnridd)
Thera`-Cat: Antispasmndic; in treatment of urinary incontinence.
 Antispasmodic; Antimuscarinic.

Research Code:UK-88525-04

Trade Name:Emselex® / Enablex® / Xelena®

MOA:M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonistIndication:Overactive bladder (OAB)

Status:Approved

Company:Novartis (Originator) , Merus Labs,Warner chilcottSales:

ATC Code:G04BD10

臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン
Darifenacin Hydrobromide

C28H30N2O2▪HBr : 507.46
[133099-07-7]

Darifenacin (originally developed by Pfizer, trade name En`blex in USA and Canada, Emselex in Europe) is an effective medibatinn used for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

Darifenacin.pngDarifenacin

OAB is a common condition symptomized by urinary urgency, with or without urge in continence, usually with frequency and nocturia that notably affects the lives of millions of people. Human bladder tissue contains M2 (80%) and M3 (20%) muscarinic receptors, and the latter act as the primary mediator of detrusor contraction in response to cholinergic activation.

So muscarinic receptor antagonists are the current treatment of choice for OAB. As different subtypes of muscarinic receptors are widely distributed in the human body to play key physiological roles, a very selective M3 receptor antagonist is in high demand in the market for OAB medication. Darifenacin is a potent and competitive M3 selective receptor antagonist (M3SRA) that has been shown to have high affinity and selectivity (59-fold higher) for the M3 receptor, with low selectivity for the other muscarinic receptor subtypes. Its hydrobromide salt  is the active ingredient of pharmaceutical formulations. The efficacy, tolerability and safety of darifenacin in the treatment of OAB are well established.

Darifenacin (trade name Enablex in US and Canada, Emselex in Europe) is a medication used to treat urinary incontinence. It was discovered by scientists at the Pfizer research site in Sandwich, UK under the identifier UK-88,525 and used to be marketed by Novartis. In 2010 the US rights were sold to Warner Chilcott for 400 million US$.

Mechanism of action

Darifenacin works by blocking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is primarily responsible for bladder muscle contractions. It thereby decreases the urgency to urinate. It is not known whether this selectivity for the M3 receptor translates into any clinical advantage when treating symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome.

It should not be used in people with urinary retention. Anticholinergic agents, such as darifenacin, may also produce constipation and blurred vision. Heat prostration (due to decreased sweating) can occur when anticholinergics such as darifenacin are used in a hot environment.[1]

Clinical uses

Darifenacin is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency in adults.

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http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/18844/1/IJCb%2052B(6)%20824-828.pdf

The substance was first described in EP 388 054. The method of its preparation in accordance with this document is shown in the following scheme.

Scheme 1

Figure imgf000002_0001

DARIFENACIN

Figure imgf000002_0002

wherein the substituents R and X can be

Figure imgf000003_0001

A particular preferable embodiment is shown in Scheme 2, wherein substance VII is alkylated with 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VIII) in the presence of potash by reflux in acetonitrile. Crude darifenacin (IX) is purified using column chromatography and crystallized from diisopropylether

Scheme 2

Figure imgf000003_0002

Scheme 2: Synthesis of darifenacin by N-alkylation of pyrrolidine VII with 5-(2-bromoethyi)-

2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VIII)

Darifenacin hydrobromide is prepared by precipitation of purified darifenacin base dissolved in acetone by addition of concentrated aqueous HBr.

However, in repeated reproduction these procedures did not provide a product of an adequate quality in a reasonable industrially applicable yield. It has been found out that a portion of the resulting darifenacin undergoes subsequent alkylation to the second stage, producing the twice substituted substance X. In the course of the reaction undesired reactions of 5-(2-biOmoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran VIII also occur, namely hydrolysis producing a hydroxy derivative (XI) and elimination producing a vinyl derivative (XII). All these reactions reduce the yield of the desired substance and complicate the preparation of high-quality API.

By reproduction of the above mentioned procedure a substance was obtained with the following contents of constituents in accordance with HPLC [%] : VII 2.8 VIII 14.2 1X 57.2 X 7.8 XI 1.2 XII 8.0.

Figure imgf000004_0001

A purification procedure for darifenacin was published in WO03080599A1.

Darifenacin in t-amyl alcohol is heated with Amberlite (22 h), the solid fraction is filtered off, the solvent is evaporated from the filtrate and the residue is dissolved in toluene; a solvate of darifenacin with toluene is separated by cooling. This solvate can be directly used for the preparation of darifenacin hydrobromide (the solvate is dissolved in 2-butanol, concentrated HBr is added and the darifenacin salt is separated by cooling).

Another method of purification of darifenacin, described in the same document, is conversion of the darifenacin/toluene solvate to darifenacin hydrate (the solvate is dissolved in acetonitrile and water is added under gradual separation of darifenacin hydrate (Scheme 3)), which can be used for the preparation of salts or can be directly incorporated into pharmaceutical forms. The hydrate can be optionally converted to the hydrogen bromide in a similar way as the solvate.

Figure imgf000005_0001

(IX.W)

Scheme 3: Methods of purification of crude darifenacin and its conversion to hydrobromide

During reproduction of the purification procedure it was possible to separate a portion of substance X in the solid phase form after dissolution of crude darifenacin in toluene. However, the attempt to obtain the desired toluene solvate of darifenacin from the toluene solution was not successful during the reproduction. This means that this method does not lead to the pure substance.

WO2007076159 (TEVA) describes preparation of darifenacin from dihydrobenzofuran ethylchloride and carbamoyl(diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine tartrate in the aqueous phase using K2CO3 as the base. After cooling of the reaction mixture n-butanol is added, the aqueous and organic phases are separated, acetanhydride is added and a reaction with concentrated hydrobromic acid (48%) is performed.

This method enables preparation of the substance with a satisfactory yield, ca. 77%; however, the reaction in the aqueous phase takes place in the melt, which is very thick, which causes techno logical problems, e.g. difficult stirring, sticking of the mixture on the walls of the reaction vessel, etc. During a reproduction of this procedure it was found that acetanhydride caused partial decomposition of the product and formation of further impurities. The crude product prepared this way cannot be converted to hydrobromide without further purification. N-butanol mentioned in the procedure is partly miscible with water, which also has a negative impact on the process yield. Contents of constituents (HPLC [%]) in the crude product within the reproduction of the procedure in accordance with WO2007076159 (TEVA):

Reaction with dihydrobenzofuran ethylchloride: VII 1.9 VIII 6.1 1X 82.0 X 6.3 XI not found XII not found

Reaction with dihydrobenzofuran ethylbromide: VII 2.8 VIII 0.5 1X 77.5 X 9.5 XI 2.0 XII 2.4

The above mentioned analysis of the described procedures and attempts to reproduce them have revealed that compound X is the major problem. During the application it was never possible to obtain the product that would contain less than 5% of this impurity. The substance is similar to the desired product in its character, it has similar solubility in most solvents and moreover it also changes to hydrogen bromide or other salts. For this reason it is very difficult to separate this substance by normal crystallization of the base or one of the salts of darifenacin.

While toluene has proved suitable for this function in the above-described procedures (WO03080599A1), after the separation of a portion of substance X it was not possible to obtain the desired toluene solvate of darifenacin. The procedure appears to be hardly usable without further modification and it does not lead to the desired pure product.

Darifenacin (la) is chemically known as (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5- yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide and is approved as hydrobromide salt. Darifenacin is a potent muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist. Muscarinic receptors play an important role in several major cholinergically mediated functions, including contractions of the urinary bladder, gastrointestinal smooth muscle, saliva production, and iris sphincter function. Darifenacin has greater affinity for the M receptor than for the other known muscarinic receptors. Darifenacin hydrobromide is commercially available under the brand name Enablex® in the US. It has been approved for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency and frequency.

US 5,096,890 disclosed Darifenacin and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts. US ‘890 discloses several processes for preparing Darifenacin. According to the process disclosed in US ‘890, Darifenacin (la) may be prepared by condensing 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (II) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l – carbamoyl-l , l -diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2C03 in acetonitrile.

The process is as shown in Scheme-I below:

1. Anhydrous K2C03

Figure imgf000003_0001

US ‘890 also discloses a variant process for the preparation of Darifenacin (la) by condensing 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-benzofuran (IV) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- 1 , 1- diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2C03 in acetonitrile to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide (V), which is further hydrogenated in the presence of Pd/C in acetic acid to produce Darifenacin crude, followed by purification using column chromatography.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-II below:

Figure imgf000003_0002

Darifenacin

(la)

US ‘890 also discloses an another variant process for the preparation of Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) by condensing 5-chloroacetyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (VI) with 3- (S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) in the presence of K2CO3 in an industrial methylated spirit to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)-2- oxoethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl]-2,2-diphenylacetamide hydrochloride (VII), which is further hydrogenated in the presence of Pd/C in acetic acid to produce Darifenacin crude, followed by purification using column chromatography to produce pure Darifenacin (la), which is converted to Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) using aqueous hydrobromic acid in acetone.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-Ill below:

Figure imgf000004_0001

The disadvantage with the above processes is the use of column chromatography in the purification of Darifenacin (la). Employing column chromatography technique is tedious and laborious and also involves use of large quantities of solvents, and hence is not suitable for industrial scale operations.

US 6,930,188 discloses a process for the preparation of Darifenacin hydrobromide (I), by condensing 2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetic acid (VIII) with (S)-2,2- diphenyl-2-(3-pyrrolidinyl)acetonitrile hydrobromide (IX) in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole in ethyl acetate to produce (S)-3-(cyanodiphenylmethyl)-l-[2- (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)acetyl]pyri lidine (X), which is further reduced in the presence of sodium borohydride and boron trifluoride tetrahydrofuran complex to produce (S)-2-{l-[2-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-2,2- diphenyl acetonitrile (XI), followed by treating with HBr to produce (S)-2-{ l-[2- (2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrrolidinyl}-2,2-diphenyl acetonitrile hydrobromide (XIa). Compound (XIa) is treated with potassium hydroxide at 50 to 60°C to produce Darifenacin (la), followed by treating with ion-exchange resin to produce Darifenacin toluene solvate (lb), which is further converted to Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) using 48% hydrobromic acid in 2-butanone.

The rocess is as shown in Scheme-IV below:

Figure imgf000005_0001

Darifenacin HBr

(I) It has now been found that, during the condensation of 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3- benzofuran (IV) with 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) to produce (S)-2-[l-[2-(2,3-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]-3-pyrroIidinyl]-2,2- diphenylacetamide (V), 3-(S)-(-)-(l -carbamoyl- l , l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) remained unreacted to about 8 to 10% in the reaction mass. It is difficult to separate the compound (III) through crystallization from Darifenacin hydrobromide (I), which typically require two to three crystallizations to achieve desired Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) purity. The second and third crystallization adds time to the manufacturing process and thus negatively impacts product throughput. Additionally, a second and third crystallization reduces yield as some Darifenacin hydrobromide (I) remains uncrystallized and is not recovered from the liquid phase.

Hence, there is a need to develop a purification process, which removes the unreacted intermediate compound 3-(S)-(-)-(l-carbamoyl-l ,l – diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (III) from the reaction mass, which in turn provides Darifenacin hydrobromide of high purity with improved yield.

Further, it has been found that Darifenacin produced by the condensation of 5-(2- bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (II) with 3-(S)-(-)-( 1 -carbamoyl- 1 ,1 – diphenylmethyOp rrolidine (III) contains dimmer impurity (XII).

Formula (XII)

Figure imgf000006_0001

Hence, there is a need to develop process, which reduces the unwanted Darifenacin dimer (XII), which is influenced by controlling the quantity of compound (XIII).

Figure imgf000007_0001

Formula (XIII)

PROCESS

(a) Dunn, P. J.; Matthews, J. G.; Newbury, T. J.; O’Connor, G.US 6,930,188 B2, 2005.

(b) Narayan, K; Reddy, J. M.; Rao, G.; Chary, S.; Islam, A.; SivakumaranWO 2011/D70419 A1, 2011.

(c) Evansa, P.; Thomas, J.; Davies, R. H.US 2003/0199494 A1, 2003.

(d) Bhanu, M. N.; Naik, S.; Bodkhe, A.; Soni, A.US 2011/0144354 A1, 2011.

(e) Merli, V.; Canavesi, A.; Baverio, P.US 7,442,806 B2, 2008.

(f) Merli, V.; Canavesi, A.; Baverio, P.US 2009/0156831 A1, 2009.

(G)  WO2009125426A2.

(H) Ludmica, H.; Josef, J.WO 2009/094957 A1, 2009.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011070419A1?cl=en

Image result for Darifenacin

EXAMPLE – 1

Stage-1:

PREPARATION OF 5-(2-TOSYLOXYETHYL)-2,3-

DIHYDROBENZOFURAN

2-(2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5yl)ethanol (65 g, 0.39 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (650 ml) at 20-25°C under nitrogen atmosphere. The solution was cooled to 0-5°C and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (79.27 g, 0.41 mol) was added in one lot. Triethylamine (60.04 g, 0.59 mol) was added slowly at 0-10°C, stirred for ~ 15 h at 20-25°C and the reaction was monitored by HPLC. Water was added and stirred for 10 min at 20-25°C. Layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (130 ml). The organic layer was combined and washed with water (2 x 130 ml) at 20-25°C at pH 12 – 12.5. Finally the organic layer was washed with saturated brine solution (130ml) and concentrated to complete dryness under reduced pressure at 35-45°C. The product was crystallized from ethyl acetate and n- hexanes mixture.

Yield: 96.5 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 97.85%

Stage-2:

PREPARATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

3-(S)-(-)-(l -Carbamoyl- l , l -diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate (10 g, 0.02 mol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (22.50 g, 0.16 mol) and 5-(2-tosyloxyethyl)- 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran (7 g, 0.02 mol) were suspended in anhydrous acetonitrile ( 100 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction suspension was heated to 70 ± 2 °C and stirred for 4 h. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. The reaction mass was cooled to 30 + 2°C, the salts were filtered and washed with acetonitrile (10 ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 ± 2 °C. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), water (50 ml) was added and the pH was adjusted to 2 ± 0.1 with 24% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 25- 30°C. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with aqueous dichloromethane (20 ml). Water (50 ml) was added to the combined dichloromethane layer and pH was adjusted to 9 ± 0.1 with 25% w/w aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 25 ± 2°C. The layers were separated and concentrated under reduced pressure at 35-40°C. The residue was dissolved in acetone (50 ml), cooled to 5-10°C and the pH was adjusted to acidic with 48% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 5-10°C. The residue was stirred for 2 h at 20-25°C, cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h at 0-5°C. The product was filtered, washed with chilled acetone (10 ml) and dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 9.4 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 98.2%.

5 -(2-Tosy loxyethy l)-2, 3 -dihydrobenzofuran : Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.96%.

EXAMPLE – 2

Stage-1 :

PREPARATION OF 5-(2-BROMOETHYL)-2,3-DIHYDROBENZOFURAN

2- (2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)ethanol (10 g, 0.06 mol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (60 ml) at 25 ± 2°C under nitrogen atmosphere and triphenylphosphine dibromide (27.02 g, 0.06 mol) was added in one lot at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction mass was heated to 76-78°C and stirred for 2 h. Reaction progress was monitored by TLC [Ethyl acetate: n-Hexanes; 2:8 v/v], Acetonitrile was completely distilled off under reduced pressure at 76-78°C. The residue was cooled and the product was extracted with n-hexanes (4 x 30 ml) at 25 ± 2°C. The solution was filtered and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 ml) and washed with 5% w/w aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2 x 50 ml) at 25 ± 2°C. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 40-50°C.

Yield: 7 g

Stage-2

PREPARATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

3- (S)-(-)-(l -Carbamoyl- l ,l-diphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine L-(+)-tartrate (5 g, 0.01 mol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (1 1.25 g, 0.08 mol) and 5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3- dihydrobenzofuran (2.5 g, 0.01 mol) were suspended in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 ml) under nitrogen atmosphere at 25 ± 2°C. The reaction suspension was heated to 70 ± 2 °C and stirred for 4 h. Reaction progress was monitored by HPLC. The reaction mass was cooled to 30 ± 2°C, salts were filtered and washed with acetonitrile (5 ml). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50 ± 2 0 C. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (25 ml), water (25 ml) was added and the pH was adjusted to 2 ± 0.1 with 24% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 25- 30°C. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (10 ml). Water (25 ml) was added to the combined dichloromethane layer and pH was adjusted to 9 ± 0.1 with 25% w/w aqueous potassium carbonate solution at 25 ± 2°C. The layers were separated and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure at 35-40°C. The residue was dissolved in acetone (25 ml), cooled to 5-10°C and the pH was adjusted to acidic with 48% w/w aqueous hydrobromic acid at 5-10°C. The residue was stirred for 2 h at 20-25°C, cooled to Q-5°C and stirred for 1 h at 0-5°C. The product was filtered, washed with chilled acetone (5 ml) and dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 4.5 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.24%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydiObenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.39%.

EXAMPLE – 3

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in acetic acid (15 g) at 25 ± 2°C and heated to 65-70°C. Activated carbon (0.25 g) was added and stin-ed for 15 min at 65-70°C. Carbon was filtered off through hyflo and washed with hot acetic acid (5 g). Water (200 ml) was added to the filtrate slowly at 50-55°C, cooled to 45°C and Darifenacin hydrobromide seed (0.05 g) was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25 °C and stin-ed for 1 h and further cooled to 0-5 °C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with cold water (10 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 7.6 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.52%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil 5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-253-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.20%.

EXAMPLE – 4

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (15 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetic acid (25 g) and water (25 ml) at 25 ± 2°C and heated to 65-70°C. Activated carbon (0.75 g) was added and stirred for 15 min at 65-70°C. Carbon was filtered off through hyflo and washed with a mixture of acetic acid and DM water (10 g). Water (120 ml) was added to the filtrate slowly at 50-55°C, cooled to 45°C and Darifenacin hydrobromide seed (0.05 g) was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 20- 25°C and stirred for 1 h and further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with cold water (30 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C. Yield: 1 1.9 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.71 %

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.20%. EXAMPLE – 5

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (9 g) was suspended in acetone (45 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min at 55-60°C. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stin-ed for 30 + 5 min, which is further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The solid was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (9 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.8 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.87%

5-(2-bromoethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

5-(2-Tosyloxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran: Nil

Darifenacin dimer impurity: 0.08%. EXAMPLE – 6

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (9 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (45 ml) and DM water (1.77 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min at 55- 60°C. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 h. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (9 ml). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.4 g

Chromatographic purity (By HPLC): 99.88%

EXAMPLE – 7

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (50 ml) and DM water (3.95 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-58°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5 °C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (10ml, 0-5°C). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 8.30g

Chromatographic Purity (By HPLC): 99.83 %

Darifenacin dimmer: 0.10%

EXAMPLE – 8

PURIFICATION OF DARIFENACIN HYDROBROMIDE

Darifenacin hydrobromide (10 g) was suspended in a mixture of acetone (50 ml) and DM water (7.9 ml) at 25 ± 2°C, heated to 55-60°C and stirred for 30 + 5 min. The resulting solution was cooled to 20-25°C and stirred for 30 ± 5 min, which was further cooled to 0-5°C and stirred for 1 hour. The product was filtered and washed with chilled acetone (10 ml, 0-5°C). The product was dried at 50-55°C.

Yield: 6.70g

Chromatographic Purity (By HPLC): 99.94 %

Darifenacin dimmer: Nil.

Paper

A New Solvent System (Cyclopentyl Methyl Ether–Water) in Process Development of Darifenacin HBr

API R&D Centre, Emcure Pharmaceuticals Ltd., ITBT Park, Phase-II, MIDC, Hinjewadi, Pune-411057, India
Org. Process Res. Dev., 2012, 16 (10), pp 1591–1597
DOI: 10.1021/op300119s
*Fax: +91-20-39821445. E-mail: chinmoy.pramanik@emcure.co.in.
Abstract Image

Darifenacin is a potent and competitive M3 selective receptor antagonist (M3SRA), and its hydrobromide salt (1) is the active ingredient of pharmaceutical formulations for oral treatment of urinary incontinence. The present work demonstrates an efficient, commercial manufacturing process for darifenacin hydrobromide (1).

1H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz, δ ppm): 9.8 (bs, 0.7H), 9.3 (bs, 0.3 H), 7.4–7.3 (m, 10 H), 7.1–7.0 (m, 1H), 7.0–6.7 (m, 2H), 6.7 (m, 1H), 4.5 (m, 2H), 4.0–3.9 (m, 1.3 H), 3.8–3.7 (m, 0.7 H), 3.4–3.3 (m, 2H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.9 (m, 1.3 H), 2.8–2.7 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 0.7H), 2.4–2.3 (m, 0.7H), 2.2 (m, 1.3H), 1.6 (m, 0.7 H), 1.5 (m, 0.3 H).

13C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz, δ ppm): 174.4, 174.2, 158.5, 141.2, 140.7, 140.6, 129.7, 129.4, 129.5, 128.3, 128.0, 127.9, 127.5, 127.2, 127.1, 125.4, 125.2, 108.7, 70.8, 62.4, 62.1, 56.1, 55.2, 55.1, 54.7, 53.0, 52.2, 40.0, 40.8, 30.3, 30.1, 29.0, 26.9, 25.6.

Calcd for C28H30N2O2·HBr, (M+)/z: 425.56; found (M + H)/z 427.2, (M + Na)/z 449.3.

Anal. Calcd for C28H31BrN2O2: C, 66.27; H, 6.16; N, 5.52. Found: C, 66.36; H, 6.07; N, 5.68.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2009094957A1?cl=en

Scheme 4:

Figure imgf000008_0001

Example 1

Figure imgf000010_0001

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate (9.43 g; 0.041 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A toluene solution (20 ml) of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated up in an oil bath T=90 0C while being stirred for 3.5 h. After cooling the toluene layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with toluene. The combined toluene extracts are shaken with water and the solvent is distilled off at a reduced pressure. The evaporation residue is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacin hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 85% of theory.

Example 2

Figure imgf000010_0002

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (6.1 g; 0.044 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A toluene solution (20 ml) of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated in an oil bath T=90 °C while being stirred for 3.5 h. After cooling the toluene layer is separated and the aqueous layer is extracted with toluene. The combined toluene extracts are shaken with water and the solvent is distilled off at a reduced pressure. The evaporation residue is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacine hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 86% of theory.

Example 3

Figure imgf000011_0001

Advanced intermediate VII (4.3 g; 0.01 mol) is stirred up in an aqueous solution of potassium phosphate (9.43 g; 0.041 mol in 20 ml of water) at the laboratory temperature. A solution of intermediate VIII (2.41 g; 0.011 mol) in cyclohexane (20 ml) is added to the mixture and the mixture is heated in an oil bath T=90 0C while being stirred for 3.5 h. The layers are separated while hot. The cyclohexane solution is cooled to the laboratory temperature under intensive stirring. This way the darifenacin base is separated. The product is filtered off and dried. The base is dissolved in ethylmethylketone, and an equimolar amount of 48% hydrobromic acid is added. The separated darifenacin hydrobromide is filtered off and dried.

Yield: 85% of theory.

clip

Identification and structural elucidation of two process impurities and stress degradants in darifenacin hydrobromide active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC-ESI/MSn

Graphical abstract: Identification and structural elucidation of two process impurities and stress degradants in darifenacin hydrobromide active pharmaceutical ingredient by LC-ESI/MSn

References

External links

Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
WO2011070419A1 * Dec 3, 2010 Jun 16, 2011 Aurobindo Pharma Limited An improved process for the preparation of darifenacin hydrobromide
Cited Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
WO2003080599A1 Mar 17, 2003 Oct 2, 2003 Novartis International Pharmaceutical Ltd. Stable hydrate of a muscarinic receptor antagonist
WO2007076157A2 * Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd. Processes for preparing darifenacin hydrobromide
WO2007076158A2 * Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Processes for preparing darifenacin hydrobromide
WO2007076159A2 Dec 27, 2006 Jul 5, 2007 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Pure darifenacin hydrobromide substantially free of oxidized darifenacin and salts thereof and processes for the preparation thereof
EP0388054A1 Mar 2, 1990 Sep 19, 1990 Pfizer Limited Pyrrolidine derivatives
WO2009094957A1 * Jan 14, 2009 Aug 6, 2009 Zentiva, K.S. A method for the preparation of darifenacin hydrogen bromide
US5096890 Mar 13, 1990 Mar 17, 1992 Pfizer Inc. Pyrrolidine derivatives
US6930188 Mar 25, 2003 Aug 16, 2005 Novartis International Pharmaceutical, Ltd. Stable hydrate of a muscarinic receptor antagonist
Darifenacin
Darifenacin.svg
Darifenacin-hydrobromide-from-xtal-2009-CM-3D-balls.png
Clinical data
Trade names Enablex
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a605039
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: B3
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration
Oral
ATC code G04BD10 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 15 to 19% (dose-dependent)
Protein binding 98%
Metabolism Hepatic (CYP2D6– and CYP3A4-mediated)
Biological half-life 13 to 19 hours
Excretion Renal (60%) and biliary (40%)
Identifiers
CAS Number 133099-04-4 Yes
PubChem (CID) 444031
IUPHAR/BPS 321
DrugBank DB00496 Yes
ChemSpider 392054 Yes
UNII APG9819VLM Yes
KEGG D01699 
ChEBI CHEBI:391960 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL1346 Yes
ECHA InfoCard 100.118.382
Chemical and physical data
Formula C28H30N2O2
Molar mass 426.55 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

/////////Darifenacin, 臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン ,  Antispasmodic, Antimuscarinic, UK-88525-04, Emselex® ,  Enablex® ,  Xelena®, 

C1CN(CC1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C(=O)N)CCC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCC5


Filed under: Uncategorized Tagged: Antimuscarinic, Antispasmodic, Darifenacin, Emselex®, Enablex®, 臭化水素酸ダリフェナシン, UK-88525-04, Xelena®

FDA approves drug to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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FDA approves drug to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Feb. 9, 2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Emflaza (deflazacort) tablets and oral suspension to treat patients age 5 years and older with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle deterioration and weakness. Emflaza is a corticosteroid that works by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system.

Read more.

New FDA Logo Blue


Filed under: FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: deflazacort, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emflaza, Emflaza deflazacort, FDA 2017

FDA approved Trulance for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

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Image result for TrulanceImage result for plecanatide

Plecanatide

FDA approved Trulance on January 19th 2017, a once-daily prescription medication for adults with chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).

Image result for Trulance

 

Plecanatide (brand name Trulance), is a drug approved on January 2017 by the FDA for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC).[1] Plecanatide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist. Plecanatide increases intestinal transit and fluid through a buildup of cGMP,.[2][3]

Plecanatide 普卡那肽 ليكاناتيد плеканатид

References

  1. Jump up^ “FDA approves Trulance for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation”. FDA.gov. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  2. Jump up^ “TRULANCE package insert” (PDF). Trulance website. Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. 420 Lexington Avenue, Suite 2012 New York, New York 10170. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
  3. Jump up^ Thomas, RH; Luthin, DR (June 2015). “Current and emerging treatments for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation: focus on prosecretory agents.”. Pharmacotherapy. 35 (6): 613–30. doi:10.1002/phar.1594. PMID 26016701. Retrieved 20 January 2017.
Plecanatide
Clinical data
Trade names Trulance
License data
Routes of
administration
Oral
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
Synonyms SP-304
CAS Number 467426-54-6 Yes
PubChem (CID) 70693500
IUPHAR/BPS 9069
ChemSpider 28530494 
UNII 7IK8Z952OK Yes
KEGG D09948 Yes
ChEMBL CHEMBL2103867 
Chemical and physical data
Formula C65H104N18O26S4
Molar mass 1681.887 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

 

/////////Trulance, plecanatide


Filed under: FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: Plecanatide, Trulance

Lorlatinib, лорлатиниб , لورلاتينيب , 洛拉替尼 , PF-6463922

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Lorlatinib.svgChemSpider 2D Image | lorlatinib | C21H19FN6O2

Lorlatinib, PF-6463922

For Cancer; Non-small-cell lung cancer

  • Molecular Formula C21H19FN6O2
  • Average mass 406.413 Da

Phase 2

WO 2013132376

Andrew James Jensen, Suman Luthra, Paul Francis RICHARDSON
Applicant Pfizer Inc.
Image result for pfizer
(10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-4,8- methenopyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile
(16R)-19-Amino-13-fluoro-4,8,16-trimethyl-9-oxo-17-oxa-4,5,8,20-tetraazatetracyclo[16.3.1.02,6.010,15]docosa-1(22),2,5,10,12,14,18,20-octaene-3-carbonitrile
(10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile
CAS 1454846-35-5 [RN]
UNII:OSP71S83EU
лорлатиниб [Russian]
لورلاتينيب [Arabic]
洛拉替尼 [Chinese]

Ros1 tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor; Anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor inhibitor

useful for treating cancer mediated by anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) receptor tyrosine kinase, particularly NSCLC.  an ATP-competitive inhibitor of ROS1/ALK, for treating NSCLC. In February 2017, lorlatinib was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development.

  • Originator Pfizer
  • Developer Pfizer; The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia; Yale University
  • Class Antineoplastics; Aza compounds; Benzoxazines; Pyrazoles; Pyrazolones; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of Action Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitors; ROS1-protein-inhibitors
  • Orphan Drug Status Yes – Non-small cell lung cancer

Lorlatinib (PF-6463922) is an experimental anti-neoplastic drug in development by Pfizer. It is a orally-administered small molecule inhibitor of ROS1 and ALK.

In 2015, FDA granted Pfizer orphan drug status for lorlatinib for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.[1]

  • 05 Oct 2016 Massachusetts General Hospital plans a phase II trial for Non-small cell lung cancer (Late-stage disease, Metastatic disease) in USA (PO, unspecified formulation) (NCT02927340)
  • 01 Oct 2016 Pfizer completes a phase I trial in pharmacokinetic trial in Healthy volunteers in USA (NCT02804399)
  • 01 Aug 2016 Pfizer initiates a phase I drug-drug interaction trial in Healthy volunteers in Belgium (PO, unspecified formulation) (NCT02838264)

Figure

Structures of ALK inhibitors marketed or currently in the clinic

Synthesis

NEED COLOUR

Clinical studies

Several clinical trials are ongoing. A phase II trial comparing avelumab alone and in combination with lorlatinib or crizotinib for non-small cell lung cancer is expected to be complete in late 2017. A phase II trial comparing lorlatinib with crizotinib is expected to be complete in mid-2018.[2] A phase II trial for treatment of ALK-positive or ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer with CNA metastases is not expected to be complete until 2023.[3] Preclinical studies are investigating lorlatinib for treatment of neuroblastoma.

Lorlatinib is an investigational medicine that inhibits the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and ROS1 proto-oncogene. Due to tumor complexity and development of resistance to treatment, disease progression is a challenge in patients with ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A common site for progression in metastatic NSCLC is the brain. Lorlatinib was specifically designed to inhibit tumor mutations that drive resistance to other ALK inhibitors and to penetrate the blood brain barrier.

ABOUT LORLATINIB

ALK in NSCLC ROS1 in NSCLC PRECLINICAL DATA CLINICAL STUDIES Originally discovered as an oncogenic driver in a type of lymphoma, ALK gene alterations were also found to be among key drivers of tumor development in cancers, such as NSCLC.1 In ALK-positive lung cancer, a normally inactive gene called ALK is fused with another gene. This genetic alteration creates the ALK fusion gene and ultimately, the production of an ALK fusion protein, which is responsible for tumor growth.1,2 This genetic alteration is present in 3-5% of NSCLC patients.3,4,5 Another gene that can fuse with other genes is called ROS1. Sometimes a ROS1 fusion protein can contribute to cancer-cell growth and tumor survival. This genetic alteration is present in approximately 1% of NSCLC patients.5 Preclinical data showed lorlatinib is capable of overcoming resistance to existing ALK inhibitors and penetrated the blood brain barrier in ALK-driven tumor models.2 Specifically, in these preclinical models, lorlatinib had activity against all tested clinical resistance mutations in ALK.

A Phase 1/2 clinical trial of lorlatinib in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC is currently ongoing. • The primary objective of the Phase 1 portion was to assess safety and tolerability of single-agent lorlatinib at increasing dose levels in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1-positive advanced NSCLC.6 • Data from the Phase 1 study showed that lorlatinib had promising clinical activity in patients with ALK-positive or ROS1- positive advanced NSCLC. Most of these patients had developed CNS metastases and had received ≥1 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor.7 o The most common treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were hypercholesterolemia (69%) and peripheral edema (37%). Hypercholesterolemia was the most common (11%) grade 3 or higher treatment-related AE and the most frequent reason for dose delay or reduction. No patients discontinued due to treatment-related AEs. At the recommended Phase 2 dose, 4 out of 17 patients (24%) experienced a treatment-related AE of any grade that led to a dose delay or hold.

PATENT

WO2014207606

This invention relates to crystalline forms of the macrocyclic kinase inhibitor, (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4, 3-?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile, including crystalline solvates thereof, that may be useful in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer, in mammals. The invention also relates to compositions including such crystalline forms, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of abnormal cell growth in mammals, especially humans.

Background of the Invention

The compound (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile, represented by the formula (I):

(I)

is a potent, macrocyclic inhibitor of both wild type and resistance mutant forms of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) receptor tyrosine kinase. Preparation of the free base compound of formula (I) as an amorphous solid is disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2013/132376 and in United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0252961 , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Human cancers comprise a diverse array of diseases that collectively are one of the leading causes of death in developed countries throughout the world (American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2005. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2005). The progression of cancers is caused by a complex series of multiple genetic and molecular events including gene mutations, chromosomal translocations, and karyotypic abnormalities (Hanahan & Weinberg, The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000; 100: 57-70). Although the underlying genetic causes of

cancer are both diverse and complex, each cancer type has been observed to exhibit common traits and acquired capabilities that facilitate its progression. These acquired capabilities include dysregulated cell growth, sustained ability to recruit blood vessels (i.e., angiogenesis), and ability of tumor cells to spread locally as well as metastasize to secondary organ sites (Hanahan & Weinberg 2000). Therefore, the ability to identify novel therapeutic agents that inhibit molecular targets that are altered during cancer progression or target multiple processes that are common to cancer progression in a variety of tumors presents a significant unmet need.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play fundamental roles in cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, differentiation, and survival. RTK activity is tightly controlled in normal cells. The constitutively enhanced RTK activities from point mutation, amplification, and rearrangement of the corresponding genes have been implicated in the development and progression of many types of cancer. (Gschwind et al., The discovery of receptor tyrosine kinases: targets for cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 2004; 4, 361-370; Krause & Van Etten, Tyrosine kinases as targets for cancer therapy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353: 172-187.)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, grouped together with leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) to a subfamily within the insulin receptor (IR) superfamily. ALK was first discovered as a fusion protein with nucleophosmin (NPM) in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) cell lines in 1994. (Morris et al., Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Science 1994; 263:1281-1284.) NPM-ALK, which results from a chromosomal translocation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) (Pulford et al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase proteins in growth control and cancer. J. Cell Physiol., 2004; 199: 330-58). The roles of aberrant expression of constitutively active ALK chimeric proteins in the pathogenesis of ALCL have been defined (Wan et. al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity is essential for the proliferation and survival of anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Blood, 2006; 107:1617-1623). Other chromosomal rearrangements resulting in ALK fusions have been subsequently detected in ALCL (50-60%), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (27%), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2-7%). (Palmer et al., Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: signaling in development and disease. Biochem. J. 2009; 420:345-361 .)

The EML4-ALK fusion gene, comprising portions of the echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene and the ALK gene, was first discovered in NSCLC archived clinical specimens and cell lines. (Soda et al., Identification of the transforming EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Nature 2007; 448:561-566; Rikova et al., Cell 2007; 131 :1 190-1203.) EML4-ALK fusion variants were demonstrated to transform NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and cause lung adenocarcinoma when expressed in transgenic mice, confirming the

potent oncogenic activity of the EML4-ALK fusion kinase. (Soda et al., A mouse model for EML4-ALK-positive lung cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008; 105:19893-19897.) Oncogenic mutations of ALK in both familial and sporadic cases of neuroblastoma have also been reported. (Caren et al., High incidence of DNA mutations and gene amplifications of the ALK gene in advanced sporadic neuroblastoma tumors. Biochem. J. 2008; 416:153-159.)

ROS1 is a proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase that belongs to the insulin receptor subfamily, and is involved in cell proliferation and differentiation processes. (Nagarajan et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1986; 83:6568-6572). ROS is expressed, in humans, in epithelial cells of a variety of different tissues. Defects in ROS expression and/or activation have been found in glioblastoma, as well as tumors of the central nervous system (Charest et al., Genes Chromos. Can. 2003; 37(1): 58-71). Genetic alterations involving ROS that result in aberrant fusion proteins of ROS kinase have been described, including the FIG-ROS deletion translocation in glioblastoma (Charest et al. (2003); Birchmeier et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1987; 84:9270-9274; and NSCLC (Rimkunas et al., Analysis of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ROS1 -Positive Tumors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Identification of FIG-ROS1 Fusion, Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4449-4457), the SLC34A2-ROS translocation in NSCLC (Rikova et al. Cell 2007;131 :1 190-1203), the CD74-ROS translocation in NSCLC (Rikova et al. (2007)) and cholangiocarcinoma (Gu et al. PLoS ONE 201 1 ; 6(1 ): e15640), and a truncated, active form of ROS known to drive tumor growth in mice (Birchmeier et al. Mol. Cell. Bio. 1986; 6(9):3109-31 15). Additional fusions, including TPM3-ROS1 , SDC4-ROS1 , EZR-ROS1 and LRIG3-ROS1 , have been reported in lung cancer patient tumor samples (Takeuchi et al., RET, ROS1 and ALK fusions in lung cancer, Nature Medicine 2012; 18(3):378-381).

The dual ALK/c-MET inhibitor crizotinib was approved in 201 1 for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC that is ALK-positive as detected by an FDA-approved test. Crizotinib has also shown efficacy in treatment of NSCLC with ROS1 translocations. (Shaw et al. Clinical activity of crizotinib in advanced rson-smali cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring ROS1 gene rearrangement. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Chicago, June 1-5, 2012.) As observed clinically for other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mutations in ALK and ROS1 that confer resistance to ALK inhibitors have been described (Choi et ai., EML4-ALK Mutations in Lung Cancer than Confer Resistance to ALK Inhibitors, N Engl J Med 2010; 363:1734-1739; Awad et ai., Acquired Resistance to Crizotinib from a Mutation in CD74-ROS1, Engl J Med 2013; 368:2395-2401 ).

Thus, ALK and ROS1 are attractive molecular targets for cancer therapeutic intervention. There remains a need to identify compounds having novel activity profiles against wild-type and mutant forms of ALK and ROS1 .

The present invention provides crystalline forms of the free base of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2, 5,1 1 ]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile having improved properties, such as improved crystallinity, dissolution properties, decreased hygroscopicity, improved mechanical properties, improved purity, and/or improved stability, while maintaining chemical and enantiomeric stability.

Comparative Example 1A

Preparation of (10f?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 Hbenzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile (amorphous)

Example 1A

Step 1 :

Palladium (II) acetate (53 mg, 0.24 mmol) and cataCXium® A (180 mg, 0.5 mmol) were mixed together in toluene (1 .5 mL, de-gassed) and the resulting solution was added via pipette to a stirred solution of compound 7 (0.9 g, 2.4 mmol), compound 15 (1 .0 g, 3.0 mmol) bis-pinacolato diboron (0.9 g, 3.6 mmol) and CsF (1 .9 g, 12.6 mmol) in MeOH/H20 (9:1 , 12 mL, degassed) at 60 °C. The resulting mixture was then stirred at reflux for 3 hrs. A further portion of Palladium (II) acetate (26 mg, 0.12 mmol) and cataCXium® A (90 mg, 0.25 mmol) in toluene (1 .5 mL, de-gassed) was added, and the yellow reaction mixture stirred at 60 °C overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and filtered through CELITE®. The filtrate was washed with water (100 mL), then brine (100 mL), dried (Na2S04) and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel, which was eluted with 1 :1 EtOAc/cyclohexane, to give compound 22 as a yellow oil (570 mg, 43% yield). TLC (Rf = 0.40, 1 :1 EtOAc/cyclohexane). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.03 (m, 1 H), 7.65 (s, 1 H), 7.27 (dd,1 H, J = 9.9, 2.7 Hz), 7.01 (m, 1 H), 6.68 (m, 1 H), 6.40 (m, 1 H), 4.90 (br s, 2 H), 4.20 – 4.30 (m, 2 H), 3.96 (s, 3 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 2.55 – 2.85 (m, 3 H), 1 .68 (d, 3 H, J = 6.6 Hz), 1 .24 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 539 [M+H]+.

Step 2:

To a solution of compound 22 (69% purity, 0.95 g, assumed 1 .05 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added a solution NaOH (1 .0 g, 25 mmol) in water (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 3.5 hours. The reaction was diluted with water (80 mL), concentrated by 20 mL to remove MeOH on the rotary evaporator, and washed with MTBE (100 mL). The aqueous layer was then acidified carefully with 1 M aq HCI to approx. pH 2 (pH paper). Sodium chloride (15 g) was added to the mixture and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried (Na2S04) and evaporated to give compound 23 as a pale yellow solid (480 mg, 87% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.05 (m, 1 H), 7.45 (s, 1 H), 7.37 (dd,1 H, J = 10.4, 2.8 Hz), 7.10 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.5, 2.4 Hz), 6.50 – 6.60 (m, 2 H), 4.05 – 4.30 (m, 2 H), 3.99 (s, 3 H), 2.60 – 2.80 (m, 3 H), 1 .72 (d, 3 H, J = 6.5 Hz). LCMS ES m/z 525 [M+H]+.

Step 3:

A solution of HCI in dioxane (4 M, 6.0 mL) was added to a solution of compound 23

(480 mg, 0.91 mmol) in MeOH (methanol) (6 mL) and the reaction was stirred at 40 °C for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was then concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was taken-up in MeOH (50 mL) and acetonitrile (100 mL) was added and the mixture was then again evaporated to dryness, to give compound 24 as an off white solid (400 mg, 87% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.07 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.9. 5.9 Hz), 7.51 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .7 Hz), 7.42 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.8, 2.6 Hz), 7.23 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .6 Hz), 7.16 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.5, 2.7 Hz), 6.73 (dd, 1 H, J = 1 1 .9, 6.9 Hz), 4.22 (d, 1 H, J = 14.7 Hz), 4.14 (d, 1 H, J = 14.7 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 2.75 (s, 3 H), 1 .75 (d, 3 H, J = 5.5 Hz). LCMS ES m/z 425 [M+H]+.

Step 4:

A solution of compound 24 (400 mg, assumed 0.91 mmol) as the HCI salt and DIPEA

(diisopropylethylamine) (1 .17 g, 9.1 mmol) in DMF (dimethylformamide) (5.0 mL) and THF (0.5 mL) was added drop-wise to a solution of HATU (2-(1 H-7-azabenzotriazol-1 -yl)-1 ,1 ,3,3-tetramethyl uronium hexafluorophosphate methanaminium) (482 mg, 1 .27 mmol) in DMF (10.0 mL) at 0 °C over 30 minutes. After complete addition, the mixture was stirred at 0 °C for a further 30 mins. Water (70 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted into EtOAc (2 x 60 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated aqueous NaHC03 (2 x 100 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over Na2S04, and evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel, which was eluted with 70% EtOAc/cyclohexane giving 205 mg of a pale yellow residue (semi-solid). The solids were dissolved in MTBE (7 mL) and cyclohexane (20 mL) was added slowly with good stirring to precipitate the product. After stirring for 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered, and Example 1A was collected as an

amorphous white solid (1 10 mg, 29% yield). TLC (Rf = 0.40, 70% EtOAc in cyclohexane). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.83 (d, 1 H, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.30 (dd, 1 H, J = 9.6, 2.4 Hz), 7.21 (dd, 1 H, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz), 6.99 (dt, 1 H, J = 8.0, 2.8 Hz), 6.86 (d, 1 H, J = 1 .2 Hz), 5.75 – 5.71 (m, 1 H), 4.84 (s, 2 H), 4.45 (d, 1 H, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.35 (d ,1 H, J = 14.4 Hz), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 3.13 (s, 3 H), 1 .79 (d, 3 H, J = 6.4Hz). LCMS ES m/z 407 [M+H]+.

Example 1

Preparation of crystalline hydrate of (10 ?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo- 10,15,16,17-tetrahvdro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 Hbenzoxa-diazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile (Form 1)

Example 1A Example 1

(amorphous) (Form 1 }

Amorphous (10f?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,11 ]benzoxa-diazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile free base, prepared as described in Example 1A (and Example 2 of United States Patent Publication No. 2013/0252961), was dissolved in 1 .0 : 1 .1 (v:v) H20:MeOH at a concentration of 22 mg/mL at 50°C, then allowed to cool to room temperature . This slurry was granulated for approximately 72 hours. The solids were isolated by filtration and vacuum dried overnight at 60°C to produce crystalline hydrate Form 1 of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-/?][2,5,1 1 ]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile.

Example 4

Alternative preparation of crystalline acetic acid solvate of (10 ?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10,16-trimethyl-15-OXO-10,15, 16,17-tetrahvdro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?U2,5, 1 1 lbenzoxa-diazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (Form 3)

Step 1 :

To a reaction vessel under N2 were charged compound 9 (9.97 kg, 17.95 mol), compound 21 (3.52 kg, 18.85 mol) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (97 L). Triethylamine (7.45 kg, 73.6 mol) was added while keeping the internal temperature below 35°C. The reaction mixture was held for 30 min and n-propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P), 50% solution in ethyl acetate (22.85 kg, 35.9 mol) was charged slowly, maintaining the internal temperature below 25°C. The reaction mixture was held at 20°C for at least 2 h until reaction was deemed complete. Ethyl acetate (35 L) and water (66 L) were added followed by 0.5N Hydrochloric acid solution (80 L). The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was washed with brine solution (80 L). The organic layer was concentrated and solvent exchanged with 2-methyl-2-butanol (80 L) give compound 25 (23 wt/wt%) solution in 2-methyl-2-butanol . This solution was carried forward to the next step directly in three batches, assuming 12.00 kg (100% yield) from this step.

Step 2:

2-Methyl-2-butanol (100 L) was combined with potassium acetate (1 .8 kg, 18.34 mol), palladium(ll) acetate (0.10 kg, 0.46 mol) and water (0.10 kg, 5.73 mol). The resulting mixture was purged with nitrogen. Di(1 -adamantyl)n-butylphosphine (0.23 kg, 0.43 mol) was added. An amount of 20% of compound 25 (3.97 kg active or 17.3 L of step 1 solution in 2-methyl-2-butanol) was added, and the resulting reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h. The remaining solution of compound 25 in 2-methyl-2-butanol was subsequently added to the reaction over a period of 5 h. The resulting mixture was heated until the reaction was deemed complete (typically 16 – 20 h). This reaction step was processed in three batches, and the isolation was done in one single batch. Thus, the combined three batches were filtered through CELITE® to remove insoluble materials. The filtrate was concentrated to a low volume (approximately 20 L). Acetonitrile (60 L) was added. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 2 – 4 h, then cooled to RT for granulation. The resulting slurry was filtered to give compound 26 as a crude product. The crude product was combined with ethyl acetate (80 L) and Silicycle thiol (5 kg). The resulting mixture was heated for 2 h, cooled to RT and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to approx. 20 L, and the resulting slurry was granulated and filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (4 L) and dried in a vacuum oven to give compound 26 as a pure product (4.74 kg, 43.5% overall last two steps). 1H NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.25 – 8.23 (m, 1 H), 7.28 (1 H, dd, 2.76 and 9.79 Hz), 7.22 (1 H, dd, 5.52 and 8.53 Hz), 7.18 (1 H, d, J = 1 .76 Hz), 7.01 (1 H, dt, J = 2.50 and 8.03 Hz), 5.78 – 5.70 (m, 1 H), 4.76 (1 H, d, J = 14.3 Hz), 4.13 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 1 .78 (d, 3H, J = 6.02 Hz), 1 .45 (s, 18H); 13C NMR (CDCI3) δ 167.0, 162.9, 160.4, 148.7, 146.3, 143.0, 140.7, 139.9, 135.5, 129.9, 129.8, 126.1 , 123.8, 123.5, 1 19.7, 1 13.8, 1 13.5, 1 1 1 .6, 108.1 , 81 .1 , 70.1 , 45.5, 37.0, 29.7, 26.0, 20.7; LCMS (M+1)+ 607.3, 507.1 , 451 .2.

Step 3:

To a reactor under N2 was added compound 26 (4.74 kg, 7.82 mol) and ethyl acetate (54 L). Hydrochloric acid 37% (5.19 L, 63.2 mol) was charged slowly while keeping the internal temperature below 25°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 24 – 48 h until the reaction was complete. Ethyl acetate (54L) and water (54 L) were added. The reaction mixture was then treated with triethylamine until pH 8 – 9 was reached. The aqueous layer was removed and then the organic layer was washed water (2 x 54 L). The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to approx. 54 L to give compound 27 (unisolated).

Step 4:

Acetic acid (1 .0 kg, 16.6 mol) was added to the organic layer containing compound 27. The reaction mixture was concentrated and then held for at least 3 h with stirring at RT. The resulted slurry was filtered. The filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate (2 L) and dried under vacuum to give 3.20 kg (87.8% yield) of Example 4 acetic acid solvate (Form 3). The spectroscopic data of this material was identical to that of an authentic sample of the crystalline acetic acid Form 3 of (10R)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2, 10, 16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10, 15,16, 17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?][2,5,1 1 ]-benzoxadiazacyclo-tetradecine-3-carbonitrile prepared according to Example 3.

Preparation of Synthetic Intermediates

7 6 5

Step 1 :

A solution of (-)-DIPCI ((-)-B-chlorodiisopinocampheylborane) (57.1 g, 178 mmol) in THF

(tetrahydrofuran) (100 ml) was cooled to -20 to -30 °C. A solution of compound 1 (31 .3 g, 1 19 mmol) in THF (100 ml) was then added dropwise, via addition funnel (30 min addition). The reaction was left to warm up to room temperature (RT). After 2 h, the reaction was cooled to -30 °C and another portion of (-)-DIPCI (38.0 g, 1 19 mmol) was added. After 30 min, the reaction was allowed to warm to RT and after 1 h, the solvents were removed in vacuo and the residue re-dissolved in MTBE (methyl tertiary-butyl ether) (200 ml). A solution of diethanolamine (31 g, 296 mmol) in ethanol/THF (15 ml/30 ml) was added via addition funnel, to the reaction mixture under an ice bath. The formation of a white precipitate was observed. The suspension was heated at reflux for 2 hours then cooled to room temperature, filtered and the mother liquids concentrated in vacuo. The residue was suspended in heptane/EtOAc (7:3, 200 ml) and again

filtered. This procedure was repeated until no more solids could be observed after the liquids were concentrated. The final yellow oil was purified by column chromatography (eluent: cyclohexane/EtOAc 99:1 to 96:4). The resulting colorless oil was further purified by recrystallization from heptanes, to give alcohol compound 2 (25 g, 80% yield, 99% purity and 96% ee) as white crystals. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.73 (dd, 1 H), 7.32 (dd, 1 H), 6.74 (ddd, 1 H), 4.99 – 5.04 (m, 1 H), 2.01 (d, 1 H), 1 .44 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES: No ionization, Purity 99%. Chiral GC (column CP-Chirasil-DexnCB): 96% ee; Rt (minor) 17.7 minutes and Rt (major) 19.4 minutes.

Step 2:

A solution of compound 2 (22 g, 83 mmol) in MTBE (350 mL) was cooled under an ice bath and triethylamine (23 mL, 166 mmol) followed by mesyl chloride (9.6 mL, 124 mmol) were added drop-wise. The reaction was then warmed to RT and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solids washed with EtOAc. The mother liquids were concentrated in vacuo to give compound 3 (35 g, 80% yield) as a pale yellow oil. This material was taken into the following step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.78 (dd, 1 H), 7.24 (dd, 1 H), 6.82 (ddd, 1 H), 2.92 (s, 3 H), 1 .64 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES no ionization.

Step 3:

A suspension of Cs2C03 (65 g, 201 mmol) and compound 4 (13.3 g, 121 mmol) in 2-CH3-THF (2-methyitetrahydrofuran) (600 mL) and acetone (300 mL) was stirred at RT for 30 minutes then heated at 40 °C before drop-wise addition of a solution of compound 3 (34.4 g, 80 mmol) in 2-CH3-THF (300 mL) via addition funnel. The resulting mixture was left stirring at 75 -80 °C for 24 h. The reaction was then filtered through CELITE® with MTBE, the solvents removed in vacuo and the residue purified by column chromatography over silica gel which was eluted with cyclohexane/EtOAc (9:1 to 1 :1) to give compound 5 (14.3 g, 39 % yield, 90% ee) as a white solid. The solids were then re crystallized from heptane/EtOAc to give compound 5 (10.8 g, 37% yield, 95% ee). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) 5 7.38 (dd, 1 H), 7.62 (dd, 1 H), 7.10 (dd, 1 H), 6.75 (ddd, 1 H), 6.44 – 6.51 (m, 2 H), 5.34 – 5.39 (m, 1 H), 4.73 (br s, 2 H), 1 .61 (d, 3 H). LCMS-ES m/z 359 [M+H]+. HPLC (Chiralpak IC 4.6 x 250 mm): 95% ee; Rt (minor) 10.4 minutes; Rt (major) 14.7 minutes; eluent: Heptane 80%/IPA 20% with 0.2% DEA, 0.7 mL/min. Step 4:

Compound 5 (20 g, 57 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (300 mL), and sequentially treated with triethylamine (TEA) (15.4 mL, 1 13 mmol) and PdCI2(dppf) (1 ,1 -bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(ll) ) (4.1 g, 5.7 mmol). This mixture was heated at 100 °C for 16 hours, under a 100 psi carbon monoxide atmosphere. LCMS indicated consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE®, and the filtrate evaporated to a brown oil. The crude product was purified by flash

chromatography over silica gel which was eluted with 50% to 75% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, affording the pure product 6 as a brick-red solid (13.0 g, 79% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 1 .65 (d, 3 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H), 4.75 (br s, 2 H), 6.32 (q, 1 H), 6.42 (dd, 1 H), 6.61 (dd, 1 H), 7.00 (ddd, 1 H), 7.28 (dd, 1 H), 7.60 (dd, 1 H), 8.03 (dd, 1 H). LCMS ES m/z 291 for [M+H]+.

Step 5:

Compound 6 (13.0 g, 45 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (195 mL), and cooled to <10 °C in an ice water bath. NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) (7.9 g, 45 mmol) was added drop-wise to the cooled reaction mixture as a solution in acetonitrile (195 mL), monitoring the internal temperature to ensure it did not rise above 10 °C. After addition was complete, the mixture was stirred for 15 minutes. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) (1 :1 cyclohexane/ethyl acetate) showed consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was evaporated, and the residue redissolved in ethyl acetate (400 mL), and washed with 2M aqueous NaOH (2 x 300 mL), and 10% aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution (300 mL). The organic extracts were dried over MgS04, and evaporated to a red oil (17.6 g). The crude product was purified over silica gel, which was eluted with 10% to 50% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane, which gave compound 7 (12.0 g, 73% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 1 .65 (d, 3 H), 3.96 (s, 3 H), 4.74 – 4.81 (br s, 2 H), 6.33 (q, 1 H), 6.75 (d, 1 H), 7.03 (ddd, 1 H), 7.25 (dd, 1 H), 7.66 (d, 1 H), 8.06 (dd, 1 H). LCMS ES m/z 369/371 [M+H]+. A Chiralpak AD-H (4.6 x 100 mm, 5 micron) column was eluted with 10% MeOH (0.1 % DEA) in C02 at 120 bar. A flow rate of 5.0 mL/min gave the minor isomer Rt 0.6 minutes and the major isomer Rt 0.8 minutes (99% ee). Optical rotation: [ ]d20 = -92.4 deg (c=1 .5, MeOH).

Preparation of (/?)-methyl 2-(1 -((N,N-di-Boc-2-amino-5-bromopyridin-3-yl)oxy)ethyl)-4-fluorobenzoic acid (9)

7

Step 1 :

To a solution of compound 7 (2000 g, 5.4 mol) in dry DCM (dichloromethane) (32000 mL) was added DIPEA (N.N-dsisopropyleibylamine) (2100 g, 16.28 mol) and DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine) (132 g, 1 .08 mol). Then Boc20 (di-tert-butyl-dicarbonate) (3552 g, 16.28 mol) was added to the mixture in portions. The reaction was stirred at RT for overnight. TLC (petroleum ether/EtOAc =5:1) show the reaction was complete, the mixture was washed with sat. NH4CI (15 L) two times, then dried over Na2S04and concentrated to give a crude product which was purified by column (silica gel, petroleum ether/EtOAc from 20:1 to 10:1) to give compound 8 (2300 g, 75%) as a white solid.

Step 2:

Compound 8 (50 g, 87.81 mmol, 100 mass%) was charged to a round bottom flask (RBF) containing tetrahydrofuran (12.25 mol/L) in Water (5 mL/g, 3060 mmol, 12.25 mol/L) and sodium hydroxide (1 mol/L) in Water (1 .5 equiv., 131 .7 mmol, 1 mol/L). The biphasic mixture was stirred at RT for 14 hours. 1 N HCI was added to adjust pH to < 2. THF was then removed by vacuum distillation. The product precipitated out was collected by filtration. The filter cake was rinsed with water, pulled dried then dried in vacuum oven to constant weight (48 h, 55°C, 25 mbar). 48.3g isolated, 99% yield. 1H NMR (CDCI3, 400MHz) δ 8.24 (1 H, dd, 1 H, J = 5.76 and 3.0 Hz), 8.16 (1 H, d, J = 2.0 Hz), 7.37 (1 H, dd, J = 2.5 and 9.8 Hz), 7.19 (1 H, d, J = 2 Hz), 7.14 – 7.06 (1 H, m), 6.50 (1 H, q, J = 6.3 Hz), 1 .67 (3H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 1 .48 (18H, s). 13C NMR (CDCI3, 100 MHz), δ 170.1 , 169.2, 167.6, 165.1 , 150.6, 149.2, 148.6, 141 .4, 140.7, 135.2, 135.1 , 124.2, 122.2,122.1 , 1 19.9, 1 15.4, 1 15.1 , 1 13.4, 1 13.2, 100.0, 83.4, 73.3, 27.9, 23.9. LCMS (M+ +1) 557.2, 555.3, 457.1 , 455.1 , 401 , 0, 399.0.

Step 1 :

Ethyl 1 ,3-dimethylpyrazole-5-carboxylate (5.0 g, 30 mmol) was dissolved in 1 ,2-dichloroethane (200 mL), followed by addition of NBS (5.3 g, 30 mmol) and dibenzoyi peroxide (727 mg, 3.0 mmol), in small portions and stirred at 85 °C for 2 hours. The mixture was allowed to cool, diluted to 400 mL with dichloromethane, and washed with water (2 x 200 mL). The organic layer was dried over MgS04, and evaporated to give compound 10 (4.1 g, 42% yield). TLC (EtOAc/Cyclohexane; 1 :10; KMn04): Rf~0.3. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.47 (s, 2 H), 4.41 (q, 2 H), 4.15 (s, 3 H), 1 .42 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 324/326/328 [M+H]+.

Step 2:

Compound 10 (3.0 g, 9.2 mmol) was dissolved in methylamine solution (33% solution in ethanol, 70 mL), and stirred at RT for 16 hours. The mixture was evaporated to give compound 11 (1 .8 g, 71 % yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.39 (q, 2 H), 4.14 (s, 3 H), 4.05 (s, 2 H), 2.62 (d, 3 H), 1 .41 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 276/278 [M+H]+.

Step 3:

Compound 11 (1 .8 g, 6.5 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 mL), and the mixture cooled to 0 °C. A solution of di(fe/?-butyl) dicarbonate (1 .75 g, 8 mmol) in dichloromethane (17.5 mL) was added dropwise. The ice bath was removed and the mixture stirred for 18 hours at room temperature. The mixture was diluted to 100 mL with dichloromethane, and washed with water (2 x 50 mL). Organic extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate, and evaporated to give compound 12 (1 .8 g, 72% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.48 – 4.44 (m, 2 H), 4.41 (q, 2 H), 4.12 (s, 3 H), 2.82 – 2.79 (m, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H), 1 .41 (t, 3 H). LCMS ES m/z 376/378 [M+H]+ and 276/278 [M-BOC]+.

Step 4:

Compound 12 (4 g, 1 1 mmol) was dissolved in dioxane (43 mL). Sodium amide (1 g, 27 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 24 h. After this time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The material was suspended in EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with 5% citric acid solution (100 mL). The organic phase was separated and washed with water (100 mL), dried over MgS04, filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo to give compound 13 as a yellow gum (3.1 g, 84% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-c/6) δ 4.27 (s, 2 H), 3.92 (s, 3 H), 2.70 (s, 3 H), 1 .40 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 348/350 [M+H]+ and 248/250 [M-BOC]+.

Step 5:

Compound 13 (3 g, 8.6 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (43 mL, 0.2 M). HOBt (1 .2 g, 8.6 mmol) was added, followed by ammonium chloride (0.9 g, 17.2 mmol). EDCI (2.5 g, 13 mmol) was then added, followed by TEA (2.4 mL, 17 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 18h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil

(8.0 g). The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (75ml_). The organic phase was washed with NaHC03 (sat. solution, 70 ml_) and then brine (100 ml_). The combined organic layers were dried over MgS04 and the solvent removed in vacuo to give compound 14 as a dark yellow oil (2.7 g, 91 % yield). This material was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 6.74 (br s, 1 H), 5.95 (br s, 1 H), 4.49 (br s, 2 H), 4.16 (s, 3 H), 2.81 (br s, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 347/349 [M+H]+ and 247/249 [M-BOC]+.

Step 6:

Compound 14 (2.7 g, 7.9 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (80 ml_, 0.1 M). TEA (3.3 ml_, 23.8 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture cooled down to -5 °C. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.2 ml_, 15.8 mmol) in DCM (15 ml_) was added dropwise over 30 min. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h. After this time, the solvents were removed under reduced pressure to give a dark yellow oil. This residue was diluted in DCM (100 ml_), washed with 5% citric acid, sat. NaHC03and brine, dried over MgS04, filtered and the solvents removed in vacuo to give a dark yellow oil (2.6 g). The crude product was purified by reverse phase chromatography to give compound 15 as a yellow oil (2.3 g, 87% yield). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 4.46 (br s, 2 H), 4.01 (s, 3 H), 2.83 (br s, 3 H), 1 .47 (s, 9 H). LCMS ES m/z 331 /329 [M+H]+ and 229/231 [M-BOC]+ as the base ion.

Preparation o/: 1 -methyl-3-((methylamino)methyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (21)

Step 1 :

To /V-benzylmethylamine (2.40 kg, 19.8 mol) and ethyldiisopropylamine (2.61 kg, 20.2 mol) in acetonitrile (6 L) at 16°C was added chloroacetone (1 .96 kg, 21 .2 mol) over 60 mins [exothermic, temp kept <30°C]. The mixture was stirred at 22°C for 18 hours then concentrated to an oily solid. The residue was triturated with MTBE (5 L), and then filtered through a pad of CELITE® (600 g, top) and silica (1 .5 kg, bottom), washing with MTBE (8 L). The filtrate was evaporated to afford compound 16 (3.35 kg, 18.9 mol, 95%) as a brown oil.

Step 2:

Compound 16 (1 .68 kg, 9.45 mol), Boc-anhydride (2.1 kg, 9.6 mol) and 20wt% Pd/C (50% H20, 56 g) in ethanol (5 L) were hydrogenated in an 1 1 -L autoclave at 50 psi [exotherm to 40°C with 20°C jacket]. The atmosphere became saturated with carbon dioxide during the reaction and so needed to be vented and de-gassed twice to ensure sufficient hydrogen uptake and completion of the reaction. The total reaction time was ~1 .5 hours. Two runs (for a total of 18.9 mol) were combined and filtered through a pad of SOLKA-FLOC®, washing with methanol. The filtrate was treated with DMAP (45 g, 0.37 mol) and stirred at room temperature overnight to destroy the excess Boc-anhydride. The mixture was then concentrated to dryness, dissolved in MTBE (6 L) and filtered through a pad of magnesol (1 kg), washing with MTBE (4 L). The filtrate was evaporated to afford compound 17 (3.68 kg, ~95 wt%, 18.7 mol, 99%) as an orange-brown oil.

Step 3:

To compound 17 (3.25 kg, -95 wt%, 16.5 mol) and diethyl oxalate (4.71 kg, 32.2 mol) in methanol (12 L) at 15°C was added 25 wt% sodium methoxide in methanol (6.94 kg, 32.1 mol) over 25 mins [temp kept <25°C]. The mixture was stirred at 20°C for 16 hours then cooled to -37°C and 37% hydrochloric acid (3.1 kg, 31 mol) was added over 5 mins [temp kept <-10°C]. The mixture was cooled to -40°C and methylhydrazine (1 .42 kg, 30.8 mol) was added over 7 mins [temp kept <-17°C]. The mixture was warmed to 5°C over 90 minutes, then re-cooled to 0°C and quenched by addition of 2.4M KHS04 (6.75 L, 16.2 mol) in one portion [exotherm to 27°C]. The mixture was diluted with water (25 L) and MTBE (15 L), and the layers separated. The organic layer was washed with brine (7 L) and the aqueous layers then sequentially re-extracted with MTBE (8 L). The combined organics were evaporated and azeotroped with toluene (2 L) to afford crude compound 18. Chromatography (20 kg silica, 10-40% EtOAc in hexane) afforded compound 18 (3.4 kg, ~95 wt%, 11 .4 mol, 69%) as an orange oil.

Step 4:

Ammonia (3 kg, 167 mol) was bubbled in to cooled methanol (24 L) [temp kept <18°C]. A solution of compound 18 (4.8 kg, ~95 wt%, 16.1 mol) in methanol (1 .5 L) was added over 30 minutes and the mixture stirred at 25°C for 68 hours and then at 30°C for 24 hours. Two runs (from a total of 9.68 kg of ~95 wt% Step 3) were combined and concentrated to ~13 L volume. Water (30 L) was slowly added over 80 minutes, keeping the temperature 30 to 40°C. The resulting slurry was cooled to 20°C, filtered, washed with water (12 L) and pulled dry on the filter overnight. The solids were triturated in MTBE (8 L) and hexane (8 L) at 45°C then re-cooled to 15°C, filtered, washed with hexane (4 L) and dried under vacuum to afford compound 19 (7.95 kg, 29.6 mol, 90%) as an off-white solid.

Step 5:

To compound 19 (7.0 kg, 26.1 mol) in DCM (30 L) at 0°C was added triethylamine (5.85 kg, 57.8 mol). The mixture was further cooled to -6°C then trifluoroacetic anhydride (5.85 kg, 27.8 mol) added over 90 minutes [temp kept 0 to 5°C]. TLC assay showed the reaction was incomplete. Additional triethylamine (4.1 kg, 40.5 mol) and trifluoroacetic acid (4.1 kg, 19.5 mol) were added over 2 hours until TLC showed complete reaction. The reaction mixture was quenched in to water (40 L) [temp to 23°C]. The layers were separated and the aqueous re-extracted with DCM (8 L). The organic layers were sequentially washed with brine (7 L), filtered through a pad of silica (3 kg) and eluted with DCM (10 L). The filtrate was evaporated and chromatographed (9 kg silica, eluent 10-30% EtOAc in hexane). Product fractions were evaporated and azeotroped with IPA to afford compound 20 (6.86 kg, -94 wt%, 25.8 mol, 99%) as an orange oil.

Step 6:

To compound 20 (6.86 kg, -94 wt%, 25.8 mol) in IPA (35 L) at 17°C was added 37% hydrochloric acid (6.4 L, 77.4 mol). The mixture was heated to 35°C overnight then concentrated to a moist solid and residual water azeotroped with additional IPA (8 L). The resulting moist solid was triturated with MTBE (12 L) at 45°C for 30 minutes then cooled to 20°C and filtered, washing with MTBE (5 L). The solids were dried under vacuum at 45°C to afford compound 21 (4.52 kg, 24.2 mol, 94%) as a white solid. 1H-NMR was consistent with desired product; mp 203-205°C; HPLC 99.3%. 1H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.12 (1 H, s), 4.28 (2H, s), 4.09 (3H, s), 2.77 (3H, s). 13C NMR (CD3OD, 100 MHz) δ 144.5, 177.8, 1 14.9, 110.9, 45.9, 39.0, 33.2. LCMS (M++1) 151 .1 , 138.0, 120.0.

PATENT

WO2013132376

PATENT

WO 2016089208

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2017021823&redirectedID=true

Preparation of the free base of lorlatinib as an amorphous solid is disclosed in

International Patent Publication No. WO 2013/132376 and in United States Patent No. 8,680,1 1 1 . Solvated forms of lorlatinib free base are disclosed in International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/207606.

Example 1

Lab Scale Preparation of Form 7 of (10 ?)-7-amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2/-/-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3- ?l[2,5,1 l lbenzoxadiazacyclotetra-decine- -carbonitrile (lorlatinib) Free Base

[AcOH solvate]

Form 7 of lorlatinib free base was prepared by de-solvation of the acetic acid solvate of lorlatinib (Form 3), prepared as described in International Patent Publication No. WO 2014/207606, via an intermediate methanol solvate hydrate form of lorlatinib (Form 2).

The acetic acid solvate of lorlatinib (Form 3) (5 g, 10.72 mmol) was slurried in methanol

(10 mL/g, 1235.9 mmol) at room temperature in an Easymax flask with magnetic stirring to which triethylamine (1 .2 equiv., 12.86 mmol) was added over 10 minutes. The resulting solution was heated to 60°C and water (12.5 mL/g, 3469.3 mmol) was added over 10 minutes, while maintaining a temperature of 60°C. Crystallization was initiated by scratching the inside of the glass vessel to form a rapidly precipitating suspension which was triturated to make the system mobile. The suspension was then cooled to 25°C over 1 hour, then cooled to 5°C and granulated for 4 hours. The white slurry was filtered and washed with 1 mL/g chilled

water/methanol (1 :1) then dried under vacuum at 50°C overnight to provide the methanol solvate hydrate Form 2 of lorlatinib.

Form 7 was then prepared via a re-slurry of the methanol solvate hydrate Form 2 of lorlatinib in heptane. 100 mg of lorlatinib Form 2 was weighed into a 4-dram vial and 3 mL of heptane was added. The mixture was slurried at room temperature on a roller mixer for 2 hours. Form conversion was confirmed by PXRD revealing complete form change to Form 7 of lorlatinib free base.

Paper

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm500261q

*E-mail: ted.w.johnson@pfizer.com. Phone: (858) 526-4683., *E-mail: paul.f.richardson@pfizer.com. Phone: (858) 526-4290.

Abstract Image

Although crizotinib demonstrates robust efficacy in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma patients, progression during treatment eventually develops. Resistant patient samples revealed a variety of point mutations in the kinase domain of ALK, including the L1196M gatekeeper mutation. In addition, some patients progress due to cancer metastasis in the brain. Using structure-based drug design, lipophilic efficiency, and physical-property-based optimization, highly potent macrocyclic ALK inhibitors were prepared with good absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), low propensity for p-glycoprotein 1-mediated efflux, and good passive permeability. These structurally unusual macrocyclic inhibitors were potent against wild-type ALK and clinically reported ALK kinase domain mutations. Significant synthetic challenges were overcome, utilizing novel transformations to enable the use of these macrocycles in drug discovery paradigms. This work led to the discovery of 8k (PF-06463922), combining broad-spectrum potency, central nervous system ADME, and a high degree of kinase selectivity.

Discovery of (10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]-benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (PF-06463922), a Macrocyclic Inhibitor of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) and c-ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1) with Preclinical Brain Exposure and Broad-Spectrum Potency against ALK-Resistant Mutations

La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
J. Med. Chem., 2014, 57 (11), pp 4720–4744
DOI: 10.1021/jm500261q
(10R)-7-Amino-12-fluoro-2,10,16-trimethyl-15-oxo-10,15,16,17-tetrahydro-2H-8,4-(metheno)pyrazolo[4,3-h][2,5,11]benzoxadiazacyclotetradecine-3-carbonitrile (8k)
white solid:
TLC Rf = 0.40 (70% EtOAc in cyclohexane);
LC–MS (ESI), m/z 407.1 [M + H]+;
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.83 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.30 (dd, J = 9.6, 2.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.21 (dd, J = 8.4, 5.6 Hz, 1 H), 6.99 (dt, J = 8.0, 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 6.86 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1 H), 5.75–5.71 (m, 1 H), 4.84 (s, 2 H), 4.45 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.35 (d, J = 14.4 Hz, 1 H), 4.07 (s, 3 H), 3.13 (s, 3 H), 1.79 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3 H).

References

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

Lorlatinib
Lorlatinib.svg
Clinical data
Routes of
administration
PO
Legal status
Legal status
  • experimental
Identifiers
CAS Number 1454846-35-5
ChemSpider 32813339
Chemical and physical data
Formula C22H20FN5O2
Molar mass 405.43 g·mol−1
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image

///////////////////Lorlatinib, PF-6463922,  anti-neoplastic,  Pfizer,  ROS1,  ALK, phase 2, UNII:OSP71S83EU, лорлатиниб لورلاتينيب 洛拉替尼 Orphan Drug, PF 6463922

Fc2ccc3C(=O)N(C)Cc1nn(C)c(C#N)c1c4cc(O[C@H](C)c3c2)c(N)nc4


Filed under: 0rphan drug status, Phase2 drugs, Uncategorized Tagged: ALK, anti-neoplastic, лорлатиниб, Lorlatinib, Orphan Drug, PF-6463922, PFIZER, phase 2, ROS1, UNII:OSP71S83EU, لورلاتينيب, 洛拉替尼

Award for me, 100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing

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str6

 

At award function for my award “100 Most Impactful Health care Leaders Global listing”, conferred on me at Taj lands end, Mumbai, India on 14 Feb 2014 by World Health Wellness congress and awards

 


Filed under: AWARD, Uncategorized Tagged: Anthony crasto, award

Deflazacort

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Deflazacort structure.svgChemSpider 2D Image | Deflazacort | C25H31NO6

Deflazacort

  • CAS 14484-47-0
  • Molecular Formula C25H31NO6
  • Average mass 441.517 Da
(11b,16b)-21-(Acetyloxy)-11-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione
11b,21-Dihydroxy-2′-methyl-5’bH-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione 21-acetate
2-[(4aR,4bS,5S,6aS,6bS,9aR,10aS,10bS)-5-Hydroxy-4a,6a,8-trimethyl-2-oxo-2,4a,4b,5,6,6a,9a,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-6bH-naphtho[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[1,2-d][1,3]oxazol-6b-yl]-2-oxoethyl acetate
  • 5’βH-Pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione, 11β,21-dihydroxy-2′-methyl-, 21-acetate (8CI)
  • (11β,16β)-21-(Acetyloxy)-11-hydroxy-2′-methyl-5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione
  • 2H-Naphth[2′,1′:4,5]indeno[1,2-d]oxazole, 5’H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione deriv.
  • Azacort
  • Azacortinol
  • Calcort
  • DL 458IT
  • Deflan
Optical Rotatory Power +62.3 ° Conc: 0.5 g/100mL; Solv: chloroform (67-66-3); Wavlength: 589.3 nm

…………..REF, “Drugs – Synonyms and Properties” data were obtained from Ashgate Publishing Co. (US)Hoechst Marion Roussel (now Aventis Pharma) has developed and launched Deflazacort (Dezacor; Flantadin; Lantadin; Calcort) a systemic corticosteroid developed for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions .

In March 1990, the drug was approved in Spain, and by January 2013, the drug had been launched by FAES Farma . By the end of 1999, the product had been launched in Germany, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland and South Korea

Deflazacort is a corticosteroid first launched in 1985 by Guidotti in Europe for the oral treatment of allergic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis, and skin allergy.

In 2017, an oral formulation developed at Marathon Pharmaceuticals was approved by the FDA for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy in patients 5 years of age and older.

Deflazacort (trade name Emflaza or Calcort among others) is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant.

In 2013, orphan drug designation in the U.S. was assigned to the compound for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy. In 2015, additional orphan drug designation in the U.S. was assigned for the treatment of pediatric juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) excluding systemic JIA.

Also in 2015, deflazacort was granted fast track and rare pediatric disease designations in the U.S. for the treatment of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy.

Deflazacort is a glucocorticoid used as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant. It was approved in February, 2017 by the FDA for use in treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (trade name Emflaza).
  • Aventis Pharma (Originator), Lepetit (Originator), Guidotti (Licensee), Shire Laboratories (Licensee)

Image result for deflazacort

February 9, 2017 FDA approved

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Emflaza (deflazacort) tablets and oral suspension to treat patients age 5 years and older with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle deterioration and weakness. Emflaza is a corticosteroid that works by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system.

Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat DMD across the world. This is the first FDA approval of any corticosteroid to treat DMD and the first approval of deflazacort for any use in the United States.

Image result for Deflazacort

“This is the first treatment approved for a wide range of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy,” said Billy Dunn, M.D., director of the Division of Neurology Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “We hope that this treatment option will benefit many patients with DMD.”

DMD is the most common type of muscular dystrophy. DMD is caused by an absence of dystrophin, a protein that helps keep muscle cells intact. The first symptoms are usually seen between 3 and 5 years of age and worsen over time. The disease often occurs in people without a known family history of the condition and primarily affects boys, but in rare cases it can affect girls. DMD occurs in about one of every 3,600 male infants worldwide.

People with DMD progressively lose the ability to perform activities independently and often require use of a wheelchair by their early teens. As the disease progresses, life-threatening heart and respiratory conditions can occur. Patients typically succumb to the disease in their 20s or 30s; however, disease severity and life expectancy vary.

The effectiveness of deflazacort was shown in a clinical study of 196 male patients who were 5 to 15 years old at the beginning of the trial with documented mutation of the dystrophin gene and onset of weakness before age 5. At week 12, patients taking deflazacort had improvements in a clinical assessment of muscle strength across a number of muscles compared to those taking a placebo. An overall stability in average muscle strength was maintained through the end of study at week 52 in the deflazacort-treated patients. In another trial with 29 male patients that lasted 104 weeks, deflazacort demonstrated a numerical advantage over placebo on an assessment of average muscle strength. In addition, although not statistically controlled for multiple comparisons, patients on deflazacort appeared to lose the ability to walk later than those treated with placebo.

The side effects caused by Emflaza are similar to those experienced with other corticosteroids. The most common side effects include facial puffiness (Cushingoid appearance), weight gain, increased appetite, upper respiratory tract infection, cough, extraordinary daytime urinary frequency (pollakiuria), unwanted hair growth (hirsutism) and excessive fat around the stomach (central obesity).

Other side effects that are less common include problems with endocrine function, increased susceptibility to infection, elevation in blood pressure, risk of gastrointestinal perforation, serious skin rashes, behavioral and mood changes, decrease in the density of the bones and vision problems such as cataracts. Patients receiving immunosuppressive doses of corticosteroids should not be given live or live attenuated vaccines.

The FDA granted this application fast track designation and priority review. The drug also received orphan drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

The sponsor is receiving a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher under a program intended to encourage development of new drugs and biologics for the prevention and treatment of rare pediatric diseases. A voucher can be redeemed by a sponsor at a later date to receive priority review of a subsequent marketing application for a different product. This is the ninth rare pediatric disease priority review voucher issued by the FDA since the program began.

Emflaza is marketed by Marathon Pharmaceuticals of Northbrook, Illinois.

Medical uses

The manufacturer lists the following uses for deflazacort:[1]

In the United States, deflazacort is only FDA-approved for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in people over the age of 5.

Image result for DeflazacortImage result for Deflazacort

Image result for DeflazacortImage result for Deflazacort

Adverse effects

Deflazacort carries the risks common to all corticosteroids, including immune suppression, decreased bone density, and endocrine insufficiency. In clinical trials, the most common side effects (>10% above placebo) were Cushing’s-like appearance, weight gain, and increased appetite.[2]

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Deflazacort is an inactive prodrug which is metabolized rapidly to the active drug 21-desacetyldeflazacort.[3]

Relative potency

Deflazacort’s potency is around 70–90% that of prednisone.[4] A 2017 review found its activity of 7.5 mg of deflazacort is approximately equivalent to 25 mg cortisone, 20 mg hydrocortisone, 5 mg of prednisolone or prednisone, 4 mg of methylprednisolone or triamcinolone, or 0.75 mg of betamethasone or dexamethasone. The review noted that the drug has a high therapeutic index, being used at initial oral doses ranging from 6 to 90 mg, and probably requires a 50% higher dose to induce the same demineralizing effect as prednisolone. Thus it has “a smaller impact on calcium metabolism than any other synthetic corticosteroid, and therefore shows a lower risk of growth rate retardation in children and of osteoporosis” in the elderly, and comparatively small effects on carbohydrate metabolism, sodium retention, and hypokalemia.[5]

History

In January 2015, the FDA granted fast track status to Marathon Pharmaceuticals to pursue approval of deflazacort as a potential treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a rare, “progressive and fatal disease” that affects boys.[6] Although deflazacort was approved by the FDA for use in treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy on February 9, 2017,[7][8] Marathon CEO announced on February 13, 2017 that the launch of deflazacort (Emflaza) would be delayed amidst controversy over the steep price Marathon was asking for the drug – $89,000-a-year. In Canada the same drug can be purchased for around $1 per tablet.[9] Marathon has said that Emflaza is estimated to cost $89,000/year which is “roughly 70 times” more than it would cost overseas.[10] Deflazacort is sold in the United Kingdom under the trade name Calcort;[4] in Brazil as Cortax, Decortil, and Deflanil; in India as Moaid, Zenflav, Defolet, DFZ, Decotaz, and DefZot; in Bangladesh as Xalcort; in Panama as Zamen; Spain as Zamene; and in Honduras as Flezacor.[11]

SYNTHESIS

Worlddrugtracker drew this

1 Protection of the keto groups in pregna-1,4-diene derivative  with NH2NHCOOMe using HCOOH, yields the corresponding methyl ester.

2 Cleavage of epoxide  with NH3 in DMAc/DMF gives amino-alcohol,

3 which on esterification with acetic anhydride in the presence of AcOH furnishes acetate.

4 Cyclization of amine using NaOH, Na2CO3 or K2CO3 produces oxazoline derivative ,

5 which is finally deprotected with HCl to afford Deflazacort 

SYNTHESIS FROM CHEMDRUG

The cyclization of 17alpha-azido-3beta,16alpha-acetoxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione (I) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pt in methanol, followed by a treatment with 10% HCl gives 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-11,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (II), which is converted into the semicarbazone (III) by treatment with semicarbazide hydrochloride (A) and pyridine in refluxing methanol. The reduction of one ketonic group of (III) with NaBH4 in refluxing ethanol yields the dihydroxy-semicarbazone (IV), which is hydrolyzed with 10% HCl in refluxing methanol to afford the ketodiol (V). The oxidation of (V) with cyclohexanone and aluminum isopropoxide in refluxing toluene gives 11beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (VI). The dehydrogenation of (VI) by treatment with Br2 in dioxane-acetic acid, followed by treatment with Li2CO3 in DMF at 140 C yields the corresponding 1,4-diene derivative (VII). Finally, the reaction of (VII) with I2 by means of azobisisobutyronitrile in CH2Cl2 affords the corresponding 21-iodo compound, which is then acetylated with triethylammonium acetate in refluxing acetone.

The monoacetylation of (V) with acetic anhydride and pyridine at 100 C gives the 3-acetoxy-11-hydroxy compound (IX), which is dehydrated by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and then with sodium acetate yielding 3beta-acetoxy-5alpha-pregn-9(11)-ene-20-one-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (X). The hydrolysis of (X) with KOH in refluxing methanol affords the corresponding hydroxy compound (XI), which is acetoxylated by treatment with I2 and AZBN as before giving the iodo derivative (XII), and then with triethylammonium acetate also as before, yielding 3beta-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-5alpha-pregn-9(11)-ene-20-one-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (XIII). The oxidation of (XIII) with CrO3 in acetone yields the 3,20-diketone (XIV), which by treatment with Br2 and Li2CO3 as before is dehydrogenated affording the 1,4,9(11)-pregnatriene (XV). Finally, the reaction of (XV) with N-bromoacetamide in THF yields 9alpha-bromo-11beta-hydroxy-21-acetoxy-5alpha-pregna-1,4-dieno-3,20-dione-[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2′-methyloxazoline (XVI), which is then debrominated by reaction with chromous acetate and butanethiol in DMSO.

PAPER

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1967), 10(5), 799-802

Steroids Possessing Nitrogen Atoms. III. Synthesis of New Highly Active Corticoids. [17α,16α,-d]Oxazolino Steroids

J. Med. Chem., 1967, 10 (5), pp 799–802
DOI: 10.1021/jm00317a009

PATENT

CN 105622713

PATENT CN 106008660

MACHINE TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE may seem funny

Description of the drawings

[0007] Figure 1 is a map of the traditional method of the combination process;

Figure 2 is a two-step method of the present invention.

detailed description

[0008] In order to more easily illustrate the gist and spirit of the present invention, the following examples illustrate:

Example 1

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

In a 100 ml three-necked flask, 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone, 30 ml of DMF, 300 ml of chloroform was added and incubated at 30-35 ° C with 8 g of ammonia gas at 1-2 atmospheres Reaction 16 ~ 20 hours, TLC detection reaction end point, after the reaction, the vacuum exhaust ammonia gas, add 3x100ml saturated brine washing 3 times, plus 10ml pure water washing times, then, under reduced pressure to chloroform to dry, add 200ml Ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon, stirring reflux 60-90 minutes, cooling to 50-55 degrees, hot filter, l-2ml ethyl acetate washing carbon, combined filtrate and lotion, and then below 500C concentrated under pressure 95 % Of ethyl acetate, the system cooled to -5-0 ° C, stirring crystallization 2 ~ 3 hours, filter, 0.5-lml ethyl acetate washing, lotion and filtrate combined sets of approved; filter cake below 70 ° C Drying, get hydroxylamine 18.2g, HPLC content of 99.2%, weight loss of 91%.

[0009] B: Preparation of terracavir

Add 10 g of hydroxylamine, 150 ml of glacial acetic acid and 150 ml of acetic anhydride in a 100 ml three-necked flask. Add 5 g of concentrated sulfuric acid under stirring at room temperature. The reaction was carried out at 30-35 ° C for 12-16 hours. TLC confirmed the end of the reaction. Add 500ml of pure water, and adjust the pH of 7.5.5 with liquid alkali, cool to 10 ~ 15 ° C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filtration, washing to neutral, combined filtrate and lotion, pretreated into Waste water treatment tank, filter cake below 70 V drying, Texaco can be special crude 112.5g, HPLC content of 98.2%, the yield of 112.5% ο the above terracotta crude dissolved in 800ml of alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, Decolorization 1-1.5 hours, hot filter, 10ml alcohol detergent cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol, and then cooled to -5-0 ° C, frozen crystal 2-3 hours, Filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol washing, 70 ° C below drying, digoxin special product 89.2g, melting point 255.5-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.7%, yield 89.2%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

[0010] Example II

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

In a 100 ml three-necked flask, 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone, 120 ml of toluene was added and incubated at 30-35 ° C with 8 g of ammonia and 16 to 20 at atmospheric pressure The reaction was carried out in the presence of 3 x 50 ml of saturated brine and 50 ml of pure water was added. Then, the toluene was dried under reduced pressure to dryness, and 200 ml of ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon was added, and the mixture was stirred. Reflux 60-90 minutes, cool to 50-55 ° C, hot filter, l2ml ethyl acetate wash carbon, combined filtrate and lotion, and then below 500C under reduced pressure 95% ethyl acetate, the system cooling To 5-0C, stirring crystallization 2 ~ 3 hours, filter, 0.5-lml ethyl acetate washing, lotion and filtrate combined sets of the next batch; filter cake 70 ° C below drying, hydroxylamine 18.0g, HPLC content 99.1%, 90% by weight.

[0011] B: Preparation of terracavir

Add 10 g of hydroxylamine, 500 ml of chloroform and 150 ml of acetic anhydride in a 100 ml three-necked flask, add 5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid under stirring at room temperature, and incubate at 30-35 ° C for 12-16 hours. TLC confirms the reaction end, After the addition of 500ml of pure water, and with the liquid alkali pH 7.55, down to 10 ~ 15 ° C, stirring 0.5_1 hours, separate the water layer, washed to neutral, combined with water and lotion, pretreated into Waste water treatment tank, organic layer under reduced pressure concentrated chloroform to near dry, adding 200ml hexane, reflux 0.5-1 hours, slowly cooling to -5 ~ O0C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filter, filter cake with 4-5ml Alcohol washing, the filtrate and lotion combined apply to the next batch, the filter cake below 70 ° C drying, Texaco can crude 110.5g, HPLC content of 98.4%, the yield of 110.5%. The above-mentioned diltiazem crude product dissolved in 800ml alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, temperature reflux bleaching 1-1.5 hours, hot filter, 10ml alcohol washing cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol And then cooled to -500C, frozen crystallization for 2-3 hours, filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol washing, 70 ° C the following drying, digester can special products 88.6g, melting point 255.0-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.5%, the yield of 88.6%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

[0012] Example 3

A: Preparation of hydroxylamine

Add 20 g of 16 (17) a-epoxy prednisolone to 120 ml of ethanol in a 100 ml three-necked flask and incubate at 30-35 ° C with stirring to give Sg ammonia at 16 to 20 hours , TLC test reaction end point, after the reaction, vacuum exhaust ammonia gas, concentrated ethanol to the near dry, cooling, adding 300ml chloroform, stirring dissolved residue, and then add 3x100ml saturated brine washing, plus 10ml pure water washing, washing And then concentrated to reduce the chloroform to dry, add 200ml of ethyl acetate, Ig activated carbon, stirring reflux 60-90 minutes, cooling to 50-55 ° C, hot filter, l2ml ethyl acetate washing carbon, combined filtrate and lotion And then concentrated below 50 ° C to 95% ethyl acetate under reduced pressure. The system was cooled to -5-0 0C, stirred for 2 to 3 hours, filtered, 0.5-l of ethyl acetate, washed and filtrate The filter cake was dried at 70 ° C, 18.6 g of hydroxylamine, 99.5% of HPLC, and 93% by weight.

[0013] B: Preparation of terracavir

In a 100ml three-necked flask, add 10g of hydroxylamine, 500ml toluene, 150ml acetic anhydride, stirring at room temperature by adding 5g concentrated sulfuric acid, insulation at 30-35 degrees stirring reaction 12-16 hours, TLC confirmed the end of the reaction, after the reaction, Add 500ml of pure water, and liquid pH adjustment pH 7.5, cooling to 1 ~ 15 ° C, stirring 0.5-1 hours, the water layer, washed to neutral, combined with water and lotion, pretreated into the wastewater The cells were dried and the organic layer was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. 200 ml of hexane was added and refluxed

0.5-1 hours, slowly cool to -5 ~ O0C, stirring crystallization 2-3 hours, filtration, filter cake with 4-5ml hexane, the filtrate and lotion combined apply to the next batch, filter cake below 70 ° C Drying, digoxin crude 112.5g, HPLC content of 97.4%, the yield of 112,5% ο will be the above terracotta crude dissolved in 800ml of alcohol, add 5g activated carbon, heating reflux bleaching 1-1.5 hours, while Hot filter, 10ml alcohol detergent cake, lotion and filtrate combined, atmospheric pressure recovery of about 90% of the alcohol, and then cooled to -500C, frozen crystallization for 2-3 hours, filter, filter cake with 4-5ml alcohol Washing, 70 ° C below the dry, Diges can special products 86.2g, melting point 255.5-256.0 degrees, HPLC content of 99.8%, the yield of 86.2%. The mother liquor is recycled with solvent and crude.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/CN101418032A?cl=en

Example 1

21- bromo -ll (3- hydroxy – pregna–l, 4- diene -3, 20-dione [170, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask was added 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), N- bromosuccinimide (9.79 g; Fw: 178.00; 55 mmol), 150 ml of ether; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System continues to stir at 20 ° C 0.5 h, the reaction is complete. After completion of the reaction was filtered to remove the white precipitate cake was washed with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a pale yellow solid 21.27 g, yield: 92%, HPLC content of greater than 95%.

Example 2

21- bromo -lip- hydroxy – pregna–l, 4- diene -3, 20-dione [17 “16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), N- bromosuccinimide (9.79 g; Fw : 178.00; 55 mmol), 150 ml of toluene; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System continues to stir at 110 ° C 5 h, the reaction is complete. After completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature, the white precipitate was removed by filtration cake was washed with 50 mL of dichloromethane, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 19.65 g, yield: 85%, HPLC content greater than 95%.

Example 3

21 Jie bromo -11 – hydroxy – pregna-1,4-diene -3, 20-dione [17a, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), 1,3- dibromo-5,5-dimethyl- Hein (35.74 g; Fw: 285.94; 125 mmol), 150 ml of ether; then ammonium acetate (0.39 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.005 mmol) added to the system. System Stirring was continued at reflux for 3 h, the reaction was completed. After completion of the reaction a white precipitate was removed by filtration and the cake was washed with 50 mL of diethyl ether, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 16.18 g, yield: 70%, HPLC content greater than 92%.

Example 4

21- bromo -11 Jie – hydroxy – pregna-1,4-diene -3, 20- dione [17c, 16o-d] -2′- methyl-oxazoline (4) Preparation:

A dry fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser, magnetically stirred flask were added sequentially 250mL three compound (2) (19.17 g; Fw: 383.48; 50 mmol), 1,3- dibromo-5,5-dimethyl- Hein (35.74 g; Fw: 285.94; 125 mmol), 150 ml dichloromethane; followed by ammonium acetate (0.039 g; Fw: 77.08; 0.0005 mmol) added to the system. System Stirring was continued at reflux for 24 h, the reaction was completed. After completion of the reaction a white precipitate was removed by filtration and the cake was washed with 50 mL of diethyl ether, and the combined organic Xiangde pale yellow clear liquid, concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the solvent to give a pale yellow solid 16.41 g, yield: 71%, HPLC content of greater than 92. / 0.

Example 5

Deflazacort Preparation:

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of sodium acetate (8.20g; Fw: 82.03; lOOmmol), 50 mL methanol was added to the system.

Then tetrabutylammonium bromide (O. 81g; Fw: 322.38; 2.5 mmol). Warmed to 50 ° C with stirring

48 h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase washed with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate paint 3 times, saturated sodium chloride once. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, purified ethyl acetate to give the product 9.93g, yield 90%, HPLC content> 990/0.

Example 6

Deflazacort Preparation –

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (3.68g; Fw: 98.14; 37.5 mmol), 50 mL acetone was added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.10g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Heated to reflux with stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99%.

Example 7

Deflazacort Preparation:

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (3.68g; Fw: 98.14; 37.5 mmol), 50 mL acetonitrile was added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (0.10g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Heated to reflux with stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99%.

Example 8

Deflazacort Preparation:

In a nitrogen-filled dry fitted with a thermometer, magnetic stirring and a reflux condenser 100 mL three-necked flask was charged with Compound (4) (11.56 g; Fw: 462.38; 25 mmol), followed by addition of anhydrous potassium acetate (2.45g; Fw: 98.14; 25 mmol), the N, N- dimethylformamide, 50 mL added to the system. Followed by tetrabutylammonium iodide (O.IO g; Fw: 369.37; 0.25 mmol). Warmed to 120. C stirring 2h. Until after the completion of the reaction was cooled to room temperature. After completion of the reaction, temperature of the system was cooled to room temperature, the system was supplemented with chloroform 50mL, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with small amount of chloroform and then to confirm that no product was dissolved, and the combined organic phases, the organic phase was washed 3 times with 10% aqueous sodium carbonate , washed once with saturated sodium chloride. The organic phase was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, the inorganic salt was removed to give a pale yellow liquid, was concentrated to dryness, ethyl acetate was purified to give the product 10.93 g, yield 99%, HPLC content> 99o / q.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO1997021722A1?cl=zh

compound (llβ,16β)-21-(acetyloxy)-11- hydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘H-pregna-1, -dieno[17 , 16-d Joxazole- 3,20-dione, also known, and hereinafter referred to, with the INN (International Nonproprietary Name) deflazacort. Deflazacort is represented by the following formula I

Figure imgf000003_0001

Deflazacort is employed in therapy aince some years as a calcium-sparing corticoid agent. This compound belongs to the more general class of pregneno-oxazolines, for which anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoid and hormone-like pharmacological activities are reported. Examples of compounds of the above class, comprising deflazacort, are disclosed in US 3413286, where deflazacort is referred to as llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘ βH-pregna-1,4-dieno.17 , 16- d]oxazole-3,20-dione 21-acetate.

According to the process disclosed by US 3413286, deflazacort is obtained from 5-pregnane-3β-ol-ll , 20- dione-2 ‘-methyloxazoline by 2 , -dibromination with Br2– dioxane, heating the product in the presence of LiBr- iC03 for obtaining the 1,4-diene, and converting this latter into the 21-iodo and then into the desired 21- acetyloxy compound. By hydrolysis of deflazacort, the llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘ -methyl-5 ‘βH-pregna-1, -dieno[ 17 , 16- d-]oxazoline-3, 20-dione of formula II is obtained:

Figure imgf000004_0001

The compound of formula II is preferably obtained according to a fermentation process disclosed in

EP-B-322630; in said patent, the compound of formula II is referred to as llβ-21-dihydroxy-2 ‘-methyl-5 ‘ βH- pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d-]oxazoline-3,20-dione.

The present invention provides a new advantageous single-step process for obtaining deflazacort, by acetylation of the compound of formula II.

CLIP

Image result for Deflazacort NMR

tructure of deflazacort and its forced degradation product (A), chromatogram plot of standard deflazacort (B), contour plot of deflazacort (C). Deflazacort was found to be a stable drug under stress condition such as thermal, neutral and oxidative condition. However, the forceddegradation study on deflazacort showed that the drug degraded under alkaline, acid and photolytic conditions.

Mass fragmentation pathway for degradant product of deflazacort.

PATENT

CN 103059096

Figure CN103059096AD00051

Example 1: Protective reaction To the reaction flask was added 20 g of 1,4-diene-11? -hydroxy-16,17-epoxy_3,20-dione pregnone (Formula I) 20% of the aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid 300g, stirring 5 minutes, temperature 10 ° C ~ 15 ° C, adding ethyl carbazate 14g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 6 hours; TLC detection reaction is complete, cooling to 0 ° C ~ 5 ° C for 2 hours, until dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum dry to dry creatures 20. 5g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction The above protective products into the reaction bottle, add 41ml Of the DMAC dissolved, temperature 25 ~ 30 ° C, access to ammonia, to keep the reaction bottle micro-positive pressure, the reaction of 32 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes; 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 0 ° C by adding 5ml glacial acetic acid, then add 21ml acetic anhydride, heated to 35 ° C reaction 4 hours, the sample to confirm the reaction completely; slowly add 5% sodium hydroxide solution 610ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 2 hours; point plate to confirm the end of the reaction, cooling to 50 ° C, half an hour by adding refined concentrated hydrochloric acid 40ml, insulation 50 ~ 55 ° C reaction 10 hours; to the end of the reaction temperature to room temperature, chloroform Extraction, drying and filtration, concentration of at least a small amount of solvent, ethyl acetate entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen crystallization filter high purity [17a, 16a-d] terfu Kete intermediate. Example 2: Protective reaction 20 g of 1,4-diene-l1-la-hydroxy-16,17-epoxy_3,20_dione progestin (Formula I) was added to the reaction flask and 15% Formic acid solution 300g, stirring for 5 minutes, temperature 10 ~ 15 ° C, adding methyl carbazate 12g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 5 hours to test the end of the reaction, cooling to O ~ 5 ° C stirring 2 hours crystallization, Suction to dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum drying to dry protection of 20g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction The protection of the reaction into the reaction flask, add 30ml of DMF dissolved, temperature control 25 ~ 30 ° C, access to ammonia, keep the reaction bottle in the micro-positive pressure, reaction 30 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes, ice water cooled to 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 10 ° C add 5ml of glacial acetic acid, then add 20ml acetic anhydride, heated to 30 ° C reaction for 5 hours to confirm the reaction is complete; slowly add 20% sodium carbonate aqueous solution 500ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 4 hours, the point plate to confirm the reaction The temperature of 55 ~ 60 ° C for 10 hours; to be the end of the reaction temperature to room temperature, chloroform extraction, drying and filtration, concentration of a small amount of solvent, acetic acid isopropyl The ester was entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen and crystallized to obtain high purity [17a, 16a-d] oxazoline residues. [0024] Example 3: Protective reaction 20 g of I, 4-diene-16,17-epoxy-3,11,20-triketone pregnone (Formula I) was added to the reaction flask and 20% Formic acid solution 300g, stirring for 5 minutes, temperature 10 ~ 15 ° C, adding hydrazine carbamate 15g, temperature control 30 ° C reaction 5 hours to test the end of the reaction, cooling to O ~ 5 ° C stirring 2 hours crystallization, To the dry, washed to neutral; 60 ° C vacuum drying to dry protection of 22g; on P, oxazoline ring reaction of the protection of the reaction into the bottle, add 30ml of DMAC dissolved temperature control 35 ~ 40 ° C, access to ammonia, keep the reaction bottle in the micro-positive pressure, reaction 40 hours, atmospheric pressure exhaust ammonia and then decompression pumping ammonia for 30 minutes, ice water cooling to 5 ° C, temperature 5 ~ 10 ° C add 5ml of glacial acetic acid, then add 20ml acetic anhydride, heated to 40 ° C reaction 5 hours to confirm the reaction is complete; slowly add 20% potassium carbonate aqueous solution 500ml and heated to 60 ~ 70 ° C reaction 7 hours, the point plate to confirm the reaction The temperature of the reaction to the end of the temperature to room temperature, chloroform extraction, drying filter, concentrated to a small amount of solvent, acetic acid isopropyl The ester was entrained twice, leaving a small amount of solvent, frozen and crystallized to obtain high purity [17a, 16a-d] oxazoline residues.

PATENT

CN 102936274

Figure CN102936274BD00041

xample 1

[0028] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 15 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10-15 ° C), 30 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give product 30.6 g, 102% mass yield, product by HPLC , a purity of 95.2%.

[0029] Example 2

[0030] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mL of pyridine were mixed, added pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0. 15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 15 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give product 28.6 g, yield 95% by mass, product by HPLC , a purity of 94.8%.

[0031] Example 3

[0032] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction.Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 31.2 g, yield 104% quality products by HPLC , a purity of 95.4%.

[0033] Example 4

[0034] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.5 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 31. I g, 102% mass yield, product by by HPLC, the purity was 95.2%.

[0035] Example 5

[0036] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 60 mL of acetic acid, 15 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 29. 5 g, yield 98% by mass, the product of by HPLC, purity of 95%.

[0037] Example 6

[0038] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. The reaction was complete, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask until the material temperature drops below 10 ° C, plus acetic acid to adjust the pH to 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; the reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of maleic dianhydride, the reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction 6 hours, the reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 30 g, 100% mass yield, product by HPLC purity of 95.2%.

[0039] Example 7

[0040] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of propionic anhydride, The reaction temperature was controlled at 30 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 27.6 g, 92% yield of quality products by HPLC , a purity of 93.5%.

[0041] Example 8

[0042] A 30 g 16, 17 α- epoxy – pregn -20- substituting methyl hydrazine -3-acetyl-1,4-diene, 11- dione (a) and 150 mL of chloroform and 30 mLDMF mixed, pressure reactor, stirring ammonia gas to the reactor pressure to 0.15 MPa (during ventilation control the reaction temperature at 10~15 ° C), 40 ° C heat reaction, TLC track the progress of the reaction. Completion of the reaction, the material was transferred to a glass reaction flask, the temperature of the material to be reduced to below 10 ° C, add acetic acid adjusted to pH 5 to 6, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure; reaction flask was added 30 mL of acetic acid, 30 g of acetic anhydride, The reaction temperature is controlled at 50 ° C, the reaction for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into cold 500 mL10% sodium hydroxide solution, stirred for 1 hour, filtration to give the product 29.8 g, 99% yield of quality products by HPLC , a purity of 94.8%.

References

  1. Jump up^ “Refla: deflazacort” (PDF).
  2. Jump up^http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/208684s000,208685s000lbl.pdf
  3. Jump up^ Möllmann, H; Hochhaus, G; Rohatagi, S; Barth, J; Derendorf, H (1995). “Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of deflazacort in comparison to methylprednisolone and prednisolone”. Pharmaceutical Research. 12 (7): 1096–100. PMID 7494809.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b “Calcort”. electronic Medicines Compendium. June 11, 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.
  5. Jump up^ Luca Parente (2017). “Deflazacort: therapeutic index, relative potency and equivalent doses versus other corticosteroids”. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0111-8.
  6. Jump up^ Ellen Jean Hirst (January 19, 2015), Duchenne muscular dystrophy drug could get OK for U.S. sales in 2016, The Chicago Tribune, retrieved February 13, 2017,has been shown to prolong lives … a progressive and fatal disease that has no drug treatment available in the US
  7. Jump up^ “FDA approves drug to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy”. http://www.fda.gov. 2017-02-09. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  8. Jump up^ “Marathon Pharmaceuticals to Charge $89,000 for Muscular Dystrophy Drug”. http://www.wsj.com. 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2017-02-10.
  9. Jump up^ Clifton Sy Mukherjee (February 10, 2017). “Brainstorm Health Daily”. Retrieved February 13, 2017.
  10. Jump up^ Joseph Walker and Susan Pulliam (February 13, 2017), Marathon Pharmaceuticals to Charge $89,000 for Muscular Dystrophy Drug After 70-Fold Increase, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved February 13, 2017,FDA-approved deflazacort treats rare type of disease affecting boys
  11. Jump up^ “Substâncias: DEFLAZACORT” (in Portuguese). Centralx. 2008. Retrieved on October 28, 2008.
Deflazacort
Deflazacort structure.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Emflaza, Calcort, others
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration
By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding 40%
Metabolism By plasma esterases, to active metabolite
Biological half-life 1.1–1.9 hours (metabolite)
Excretion Renal (70%) and fecal (30%)
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.969
Chemical and physical data
Formula C25H31NO6
Molar mass 441.517 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
CN102746358A * Apr 22, 2011 Oct 24, 2012 天津金耀集团有限公司 Novel technology for synthesis of pregnane 21-bit bromide
CN102746358B * Apr 22, 2011 Feb 10, 2016 天津金耀集团有限公司 一种合成孕甾21位溴化物的工艺
CN102936274A * Nov 12, 2012 Feb 20, 2013 浙江仙居君业药业有限公司 Preparation method for [17alpha, 16alpha-d] methyl oxazoline
CN102936274B * Nov 12, 2012 Apr 1, 2015 江西君业生物制药有限公司 Preparation method for [17alpha, 16alpha-d] methyl oxazoline

///////FDA 2017, Emflaza, Calcort, Deflazacort, orphan drug designation, FAST TRACK

[H][C@@]12C[C@@]3([H])[C@]4([H])CCC5=CC(=O)C=C[C@]5(C)[C@@]4([H])[C@@]([H])(O)C[C@]3(C)[C@@]1(N=C(C)O2)C(=O)COC(C)=O

Filed under: 0rphan drug status, FAST TRACK FDA, FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: Calcort, deflazacort, Emflaza, FAST TRACK, FDA 2017, Orphan Drug Designation

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05)

$
0
0

str1

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05)

Cas 1835197-63-1
C13 H22 N2 O3, 254.33
Tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane-1-methanol, 3-amino-5-ethyl-, 1-nitrate
Amantadine and its derivatives have a variety of biological activity, in the field of medicine has a wide range of applications. Rimantine (1-aminoethyl adamantane, Rimantadine) is currently widely used in clinical prevention and treatment of influenza drugs. Amantadine is widely used in the treatment of influenza and Parkinson & apos; s Disease (PD) (Schwab et al., J. Am. Med. Asos. 1669, 208: 1168). Memantine is the only NMDA receptor antagonist approved by the US FDA for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NMDA receptors are a subtype of the important excitatory amino acid ionotropic glutamate receptors in the central nervous system and are important receptors in the learning and memory process. NMDA receptor pathway is opened after the non-selective allow some cations, such as Ca 2+ , K + and Na + into the cells, these ions, especially calcium ions can cause a series of biochemical reactions, and ultimately lead to neurotoxicity , Causing neuronal apoptosis. Memantine is a noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor open channel, which binds to binding sites within the ion channel and blocks the intramolecular flow and acts as a neuroprotective effect. The combination of memantine to NMDA receptors is reversible and has a moderate dissociation rate that ensures both pharmacological effects and ensures that it does not accumulate in the channel and affects normal physiological functions (Lipton et al. Journal of neurochemistry. 2006, 97: 1611-1626). At the same time, the antagonism of memantine to NMDA receptor has a strong voltage dependence, only in the neuronal depolarization can be combined with the receptor, which can block the pathological conditions of neurons continue to depolarize the NMDA receptor Activation, without blocking NMDA receptor activation under normal physiological conditions (Wenk et al., CNS drug reviews. 2003, 9 (3): 275-308; McKeage., Drugs & aging.2010,27 (2): 177-179 ). This protection mechanism is also important for the treatment of other central nervous system diseases such as stroke, PD, ALS and so on, and therefore it has a good prospect for the treatment of these diseases.
Nitric oxide (NO) also has a variety of biological activities in the body, it plays the role of signal molecules. Nitric oxide molecules can penetrate the cell wall into the smooth muscle cells, so that relaxation, expansion of blood vessels, lower blood pressure. But also into the platelet cells, reduce its activity, thereby inhibiting its agglutination and adhesion to the vascular endothelium to prevent thrombosis, prevent atherosclerosis. NO is a free radical gas, with an unpaired electron, the body is very unstable, very easy to react with free radicals, which can reduce the number of free radicals. The accumulation of free radicals can cause nucleic acid cleavage, enzyme passivation, polysaccharide depolymerization, and lipid peroxidation eventually leads to neuronal death (Yan et al. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2013, 62: 90-101). NO has a strong ability to react with various free radicals, which can effectively reduce the number of free radicals, but its synthesis in vivo requires the participation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Under normal circumstances, NOS activity is relatively low, the need for nitro-like molecules or saponins substances activated. The introduction of NO-releasing groups on small molecule drugs can increase NO content in the body and have significant efficacy, such as nitroglycerin.
Because of the complex pathogenesis of AD, at present, the clinical treatment of AD is limited, only four acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and an NMDA receptor inhibitor. These drugs for the role of a single target molecules, can only alleviate some aspects of clinical symptoms of AD can not fundamentally cure the disease, blocking the process of neurodegeneration.
PATENT
Figure 2 depicts the synthesis of compound NM-004.
Example 3, Synthesis of compound NM-004a
A 50 mL round bottom flask was cooled in an ice-water bath and 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, 2 mL of n-hexane and 970 mg (4 mmol) of compound NM-003a were added to the round bottom flask. To maintain the ice bath, slowly add formic acid (1.8mL). After dripping, continue the ice bath reaction for 3 hours. The reaction solution was poured into 100 mL of ice water to precipitate a solid. The mixture was allowed to stand and filtered to give a pale yellow solid. After drying in solid, it is dissolved in ethyl acetate and the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is basified to pH to about 9-10. The aqueous layer is separated. The organic layer was extracted with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (30 mL x 3) and the aqueous solution was combined with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution to acidify the aqueous layer to a pH of about 3. Filtered and dried to give the pure compound NM-004a 640 mg (77%). ESI-MS: m / z 207 ([MH] ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.11 (q, 2H, J = 7.5Hz) (M, 2H), 1.47 (s, 2H), 1.51-1.64 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.81 (m, 4H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 11.99 (s, 1H).
Example 4, Synthesis of compound NM-004b
To a 50 mL round bottom flask, 624 mg (3 mmol) of compound NM-004a was added and the mixture was cooled in an ice bath. Add 0.55mL concentrated nitric acid, stir well. To the mixture was added 3.5 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid, and the reaction was carried out in an ice bath for 1 hour. After which 2.5 mL of acetonitrile (4.8 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction was continued for 1 hour in an ice bath. The reaction solution was poured into 20 mL of ice water and vigorously stirred for 30 minutes and allowed to stand overnight. The precipitate was removed by filtration, and the solid was washed with the appropriate amount of water and dried to obtain the compound NM-004b (580 g, 73%) without further purification. ESI-MS: m / z 266 ([M + H] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.74 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.15 (q, 2H, J = 7.5 Hz, 1.26-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.72-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.88-1.98 (m, 2H) M, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H).
Example 5, Synthesis of compound NM-004c
The compound NM-004b 878 mg (3.3 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dry tetrahydrofuran and cooled in an ice-water bath. 0.5 mL of triethylamine and 0.5 mL of ethyl chloroformate were added to the mixture, followed by an ice bath for 30 minutes. The ice bath was removed and reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. The filtrate was filtered and the filtrate was washed with an appropriate amount of tetrahydrofuran. To the filtrate by adding sodium borohydride 1.5g, dropping funnel slowly dropping 1mL water, 1 hour drop finished. After dripping at room temperature, the reaction was continued for 1 hour. TLC monitoring, the reaction is completed, the reaction system to add water 30mL, dry spin dry tetrahydrofuran. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 4), combined with ethyl acetate, 25 mL of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude oil. Silica gel column (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1), and finally a white solid, NM-004c, 348 mg (42%) was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 252.2 ([M + H] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.03-1.20 (m, 4H) 1.28 (m, 4H), 1.58 (m, 4H), 1.75 (m, 5H), 2.09 (s, 1H), 3.02 (d, 2H, J = 5.5 Hz), 4.38 (t, 1H, J = ), 7.33 (s, 1H).
Example 6, Synthesis of compound NM-004d
To a 250 mL round bottom flask was added 1.26 g (5 mmol) of compound NM-004c, 3 g of solid sodium hydroxide, 20 mL of diethylene glycol and refluxed at 170 ° C for 15 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction solution was poured into 40 g of crushed ice and the mixture was stirred. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate layer, 30 mL of water and 30 mL of saturated sodium chloride solution were washed and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated to dryness to give a crude product as a pale yellow oil. The crude product was dissolved in 50 mL of dry ethyl acetate and the resulting dry HCl was passed under stirring to precipitate a large amount of white solid. The solid was washed with an appropriate amount of dry ethyl acetate and dried to give 850 mg (69.4%) of white solid NM-004d. ESI-MS: m / z 210.3 ([M + H] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.74 (t, 3H, J = 7.6 Hz), 1.15 (q, 2H, J = 7.6 Hz, 1.26-1.35 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.74-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.96 (m, 2H) M, 1H), 7.43 (s, 3H).
Example 7, Synthesis of compound NM-004e
Take the compound NM-004d 2.45 g, (10 mmol) in 20 mL of water, basify the sodium hydroxide solution to pH 10, and extract with ethyl acetate (30 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate was washed with 30 mL of water and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give 1.57 g (7.5 mmol) of free amine as a colorless oil. (15.6 mmol) of triethamine, 2.55 g (11.7 mmol) of Boc anhydride and 10 mg of DMAP were added to 50 mL of distilled steam in tetrahydrofuran, and the reaction was monitored by TLC at room temperature for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was quenched by adding 30 mL of saturated ammonium chloride solution to the reaction solution. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL x 4). The combined ethyl acetate was washed with 30 mL of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid and 30 mL of saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a colorless oil. The crude product was separated on a silica gel column (petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 1: 1) and 1.58 g (68%) of the white solid NM-004e was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 310.3 ([M + H] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.75 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.03-1.19 (m, 4H) 1.24 (m, 4H), 1.36 (s, 9H), 1.44-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.52-1.73 (m, 2H), 2.08 (s, 1H), 3.02 (d, 2H, J = 5.5 Hz) , 4.38 (t, 1H, J = 5.5 Hz), 6.36 (s, 1H).
Example 8, Synthesis of compound NM-004f
The compound NM-004e (620 mg, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 10 mL of dry water, dichloromethane and cooled in an ice-water bath. Add acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid mixture (acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid volume ratio equal to 3: 2) 2mL. Ice bath reaction 10-15 minutes. The reaction solution was poured into 10 mL of 1N sodium bicarbonate solution, and the dichloromethane was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL x 3), combined with dichloromethane and washed with 10 mL of water. Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and the dichloromethane was distilled off under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a colorless oil. Silica gel column separation (petroleum ether: dichloromethane = 10: 1) was obtained as a colorless oil NM-004 f 505 mg (73.4%). ESI-MS: m / z 377.2 ([M + Na] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.76 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.08-1.23 (m, 4H) 1.26-1.49 (m, 14H), 1.56-1.82 (m, 5H), 2.12 (m, 1H), 4.23 (s, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H).
Example 9, Synthesis of compound NM-004
To the compound NM-004f710 mg (2 mmol) was added 5 mL of a saturated solution of hydrogen chloride and reacted at room temperature. At the end of the reaction, a white solid precipitates. Filtration, anhydrous ether washing white solid, you can get NM-004 pure. After drying, NM-004380 mg (65.5%) was obtained. ESI-MS: m / z 255.1 ([M + H] + ). 1 H-NMR (DMSO-d6, ppm): 0.78 (t, 3H, J = 7.5Hz), 1.15-1.28 (m, 4H) (M, 2H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.71 (s, 2H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 4.30 (s, 2H) S, 3H).

Med. Chem. Commun., 2017, 8,135-147

DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00509H, Research Article
Zheng Liu, Si Yang, Xiaoyong Jin, Gaoxiao Zhang, Baojian Guo, Haiyun Chen, Pei Yu, Yewei Sun, Zaijun Zhang, Yuqiang Wang
A series of memantine nitrate derivatives, as dual functional compounds with neuroprotective and vasodilatory activity for neurodegenerative diseases, was designed and synthesized

Synthesis and biological evaluation of memantine nitrates as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases

Zheng Liu,a   Si Yang,a   Xiaoyong Jin,a   Gaoxiao Zhang,a  Baojian Guo,a   Haiyun Chen,a   Pei Yu,a   Yewei Sun,*a  Zaijun Zhang*a and   Yuqiang Wanga  
*Corresponding authors
aInstitute of New Drug Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Innovative Chemical Drug Research in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou, China
E-mail: yxy0723@163.com, zaijunzhang@163.com
Fax: +86 20 8522 4766
Tel: +86 20 8522 5030
Med. Chem. Commun., 2017,8, 135-147

DOI: 10.1039/C6MD00509H

A series of memantine nitrate derivatives, as dual functional compounds with neuroprotective and vasodilatory activity for neurodegenerative diseases, was designed and synthesized. These compounds combined the memantine skeleton and a nitrate moiety, and thus inhibited the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor and released NO in the central nervous system. The biological evaluation results revealed that the new memantine nitrates were effective in protecting neurons against glutamate-induced injury in vitro. Moreover, memantine nitrates dilated aortic rings against phenylephrine-induced contraction. The structure–activity relationships of neuroprotection and vasodilation were both analyzed. In further studies, compound MN-05 significantly protected cortical neurons by inhibiting Ca2+ influx, reducing free radical production and maintaining the mitochondrial membrane potential. Further research on MN-05 is warranted.

1-Amino-3-ethyl-5-nitratemethyladamantane hydrochloride (MN-05).

Compound MN- 05 was synthesized using a similar method to that as described for synthesis of compound MN-01 from compound 16. White solid, 65.5% yield. ESI-MS: m/z 255.1 [M + H]+ .

1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.75-0.80 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H, CH3), 1.16-1.24 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H, CH2), 1.24-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.43 (s, 2H), 1.45-1.57 (dd, J = 12 Hz, 6 Hz, 2H), 1.57-1.63 (dd, J = 12 Hz, 6 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (s, 2H), 2.23 (m, 1H, CH), 4.30 (s, 2H, CH2O), 8.21 (s, 3H, NH2HCl).

13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.4, 28.6, 34.5, 35.0, 36.8, 40.3, 41.6, 43.9, 52.3, 80.9. Anal. Calcd for C13H23N2O3Cl·0.3 H2O: C, 52.72%; H, 8.03%; N, 9.46%. Found: C, 52.72%; H, 7.92%; N, 9.51%

//////// memantine nitrates ,  neurodegenerative diseases, MN 05
[O-][N+](=O)OCC12CC3(CC(N)(C1)CC(C2)C3)CC

“ALL FOR DRUGS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This article is a compilation for educational purposes only.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent


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Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4

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Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4

Ahmedabad, February 24, 2017

Zydus Cadila, a research-driven, global healthcare provider has received approvals from the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) and the Central Drug Laboratory (CDL) to market the Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine for seasonal flu, VaxiFlu – 4. With this, Zydus Cadila will become the first Indian pharma company and second in the world to launch a Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine. The vaccine provides protection from the four influenza viruses- H1N1, H3N2, Type B (Brisbane) and Type B (Phuket).

Image result for VaxiFlu - 4

VaxiFlu – 4 will be marketed by Zydus Vaxxicare – a division of the group focussing on preventives. The Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine has been developed at the Vaccine Technology Centre (VTC) in Ahmedabad which has proven capabilities in researching, developing, and manufacturing of safe and efficacious vaccines. The group was also the first to indigenously develop, manufacture and launch India’s first vaccine against H1N1 – Vaxiflu-S.

VTC further plans to develop a wide spectrum of vaccines against bacterial, viral and protozoal infections and has a robust pipeline of vaccines like Pentavalent (DTP-Hib-HepB), Conjugated Typhoid Vaccine, HPV, MMRV, Malaria and Hepatitis B vaccines. The group also markets the anti-rabies vaccine and the typhoid vaccine.

Speaking on the development Mr. Pankaj R. Patel, Chairman and Managing Director, Zydus Cadila said, “Disease prevention is the key to public health in both the developing and the developed world and vaccines have the potential to improve the quality of life in both spectrums. In countries such as India, there is a pressing need for low cost, high quality vaccines that can address healthcare challenges. With the launch of vaccines like VaxiFlu – 4 we are serving the cause of public health and meeting the twin challenge of affordability and accessibility.”

Influenza, or the “flu” as it is commonly called, is an infection of the respiratory tract. It is a dreaded disease and the morbidity and mortality rates associated with influenza are especially high during pandemics. Annually it is estimated that it attacks 5-10% of adults and 20-30% of children globally and causes significant levels of illness, hospitalization and death. In India, the 2009 swine flu pandemic infected more than 10 million people and resulted in more than 18000 deaths worldwide.

The last major outbreak in India occurred in 2015 with more than 33000 registered cases of influenza and over 2000 deaths. There are different strains of influenza viruses that infect human beings, the predominant ones being influenza A and influenza B. The common subtypes of influenza A found in general circulation amongst people are H1N1 (which was responsible for the devastating swine flu pandemic) and H3N2.

The subtypes of influenza B commonly found in circulation are influenza B (Brisbane – Victoria lineage) and influenza B (Phuket – Yamagata lineage). Vaccination against influenza is the most effective way to protect oneself against the dangers of influenza. Majority of the influenza vaccines available in India are inactivated trivalent influenza vaccines.

These vaccines provide protection against 2 strains of influenza A and 1 strain of influenza B. Protection against only 1 subtype of influenza B often leads to a vaccine mismatch i.e. the antigen of influenza B present in the trivalent vaccine may not match the influenza B subtype circulating during the season, leading to suboptimal protection. A quadrivalent vaccine, by virtue of having a comprehensive coverage against 2 strains of both influenza A and influenza B, provides a broader protection and significantly reduces the risk of vaccine mismatch. Vaxiflu – 4 is the first quadrivalent influenza vaccine in india.

About Zydus Zydus Cadila is an innovative, global pharmaceutical company that discovers, develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of healthcare therapies, including small molecule drugs, biologic therapeutics and vaccines. The group employs over 19,500 people worldwide, including 1200 scientists engaged in R & D, and is dedicated to creating healthier communities globally. For more information, please visit http://www.zyduscadila.com

Zydus’ vaccine research programme The Vaccine Technology Centre (VTC) is the vaccine research centre of the Zydus Group. The group has two state-of-the-art R & D Centers, one located in Catania, Italy and the other in Ahmedabad, in the western part of India. The goup has been developing vaccines for the basic vaccine programmes such as Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Haemophilus Influenzae type B, Hepatitis B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Influenza and Typhoid fever. In addition, it is developing new vaccines such as Human Papilloma Virus, Leishmaniasis, Malaria, Haemorrhagic Congo Fever, Ebola and Japanese Encephalitis.

Ref

Zydus Cadila to launch India’s 1st Tetravalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine – VaxiFlu – 4 Read more: https://goo.gl/xuSTfK #ZydusAnnouncement

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Image result for Trivalent Inactivated Influenza vaccine

///////////Zydus Cadila, Tetravalent Inactivated,  Influenza vaccine, VaxiFlu – 4


Filed under: Uncategorized, vaccine Tagged: Influenza vaccine, Tetravalent Inactivated, VaxiFlu - 4, zydus cadila

Tradipitant, традипитант , تراديبيتانت , 曲地匹坦 ,

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LY686017.svgTradipitant.png

Tradipitant

VLY-686,  LY686017

традипитант
تراديبيتانت [Arabic]
曲地匹坦 [Chinese]
  • Molecular Formula C28H16ClF6N5O
  • Average mass 587.903 Da
622370-35-8  CAS
Methanone, [2-[1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-3-pyridinyl](2-chlorophenyl)-
(2-(1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridin-3-yl)(2-chlorophenyl)methanone
[2-[1-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-5-(4-pyridinyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]-3-pyridinyl](2-chlorophenyl)methanone

PHASE 2, Gastroparesis; Pruritus

pyridine-containing NK-1 receptor antagonist ie tradipitant, useful for treating anxiety, pruritus and alcoholism.

Vanda Pharmaceuticals, under license from Eli Lilly, was developing tradipitant, a NK1 antagonist, for treating anxiety disorder, pruritus and alcohol dependence. The company was also investigating the drug for treating gastroparesis. In February 2017, tradipitant was reported to be in phase 2 clinical development for treating anxiety and pruritus.

  • Originator Eli Lilly
  • Developer Eli Lilly; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Vanda Pharmaceuticals
  • Class Antipruritics; Anxiolytics; Chlorobenzenes; Pyridines; Small molecules; Triazoles
  • Mechanism of Action Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists; Substance P inhibitors

Highest Development Phases

  • Phase II Gastroparesis; Pruritus
  • Discontinued Alcoholism; Social phobia
  • The drug had been in phase II clinical trials at Lilly and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism for the treatment of alcoholism; however, no recent development has been reported for this research.
  • A phase II clinical trial for the treatment of social phobia has been completed by Lilly.

PATENT WO 2003091226

Albert Kudzovi Amegadzie, Kevin Matthew Gardinier, Erik James Hembre, Jian Eric Hong, Louis Nickolaus Jungheim, Brian Stephen Muehl, David Michael Remick, Michael Alan Robertson, Kenneth Allen Savin, Less «
Applicant Eli Lilly And Company

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SYNTHESIS

Condensation of 2-chloropyridine with thiophenol  in the presence of K2CO3 in DMF at 110ºC yields sulfide intermediate,

which is then oxidized by means of NaOCl in AcOH to give 2-(benzenesulfonyl)pyridine.

This is treated with (iPr)2NH and n-BuLi in THF at -60 to -70°C and subsequently couples with 2-chlorobenzaldehyde  in THF at -60 to -70°C to furnish (2-(phenylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone.

Ketone  couples with the enolate of 4-acetylpyridine (formed by treating 4-acetylpyridine (VII) with t-BuOK in DMSO) in the presence of LiOH in DMSO and subsequently is treated with PhCOOH in iPrOAc to give rise to pyridine benzoate derivative.

This finally couples with 1-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene  (obtained by treating 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylchloride with NaN3 ini DMSO) in the presence of K2CO3 in t-BuOH to afford the title compound Tradipitant.

Tradipitant (VLY-686 or LY686017) is an experimental drug that is a neurokinin 1 antagonist. It works by blocking substance P, a small signaling molecule. Originally, this compound was owned by Eli Lilly and named LY686017. VLY-686 was purchased by Vanda Pharmaceuticals from Eli Lilly and Company in 2012.[1] Vanda Pharmaceuticals is a U.S. pharmaceutical company that as of November 2015 only has 3 drugs in their product pipeline: tasimelteon, VLY-686, and iloperidone.[2]

Tachykinins are a family of peptides that are widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These peptides exert a number of biological effects through actions at tachykinin receptors. To date, three such receptors have been characterized, including the NK-1 , NK-2, and NK-3 subtypes of tachykinin receptor.

The role of the NK-1 receptor subtype in numerous disorders of the central nervous system and the periphery has been thoroughly demonstrated in the art. For instance, NK-1 receptors are believed to play a role in depression, anxiety, and central regulation of various autonomic, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory functions. NK- 1 receptors in the spinal cord are believed to play a role in pain transmission, especially the pain associated with migraine and arthritis. In the periphery, NK-1 receptor activation has been implicated in numerous disorders, including various inflammatory disorders, asthma, and disorders of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract.

There is an increasingly wide recognition that selective NK-1 receptor antagonists would prove useful in the treatment of many diseases of the central nervous system and the periphery. While many of these disorders are being treated by new medicines, there are still many shortcomings associated with existing treatments. For example, the newest class of anti-depressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are increasingly prescribed for the treatment of depression; however, SSRIs have numerous side effects, including nausea, insomnia, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction. This could significantly affect patient compliance rate. As another example, current treatments for chemotherapy- induced nausea and emesis, such as the 5-HT3receptor antagonists, are ineffective in managing delayed emesis. The development of NK-1 receptor antagonists will therefore greatly enhance the ability to treat such disorders more effectively. Thus, the present invention provides a class of potent, non-peptide NK-1 receptor antagonists, compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of using the compounds.

Indications

Pruritus

It is being investigated by Vanda Pharmaceuticals for chronic pruritus (itchiness) in atopic dermatitis. In March 2015, Vanda announced positive results from a Phase II proof of concept study.[3] A proof of concept study is done in early stage clinical trials after there have been promising preclinical results. It provides preliminary evidence that the drug is active in humans and has some efficacy.[4]

Alcoholism

VLY-686 reduced alcohol craving in recently detoxified alcoholic patients as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire.[5] In a placebo controlled clinical trial of recently detoxified alcoholic patients, VLY-686 significantly reduced alcohol craving as measured by the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire. It also reduced the cortisol increase seen after a stress test compared to placebo. The dose given was 50 mg per day.

Social anxiety disorder

In a 12-week randomized trial of LY68017 in 189 patients with social anxiety disorder, 50 mg of LY68017 did not provide any statistically significant improvement over placebo.[6]

PATENT

WO03091226,

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2003091226A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO2008079600, 

The compound {2-[l-(3,5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]- pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone, depicted below as the compound of Formula I, was first described in PCT published application WO2003/091226.

Figure imgf000003_0001

(I)

Because the compound of Formula I is an antagonist of the NK-I subtype of tachykinin receptor, it is useful for the treatment of disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins. Such disorders include depression, including major depressive disorder; anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and social phobia or social anxiety disorder; schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, including bipolar disorder; neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia, including senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type or Alzheimer’s disease; disorders of bladder function such as bladder detrusor hyper-reflexia and incontinence, including urge incontinence; emesis, including chemotherapy-induced nausea and acute or delayed emesis; pain or nociception; disorders associated with blood pressure, such as hypertension; disorders of blood flow caused by vasodilation and vasospastic diseases, such as angina, migraine, and Reynaud’s disease; hot flushes; acute and chronic obstructive airway diseases such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopneumonia, bronchospasm, chronic bronchitis, drivercough, and asthma; inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease; gastrointestinal disorders or diseases associated with the neuronal control of viscera such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, functional dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome (including constipation-predominant, diarrhea- -?-

predominant, and mixed irritable bowel syndrome); and cutaneous diseases such as contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and other eczematoid dermatitis.

In PCT published application, WO2005/042515, novel crystalline forms of the compound of Formula I, identified as Form IV and Form V, are identified. Also described in WO2005/042515 is a process for preparation of the compound of Formula I, comprising reacting (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2- hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone or a phosphate salt thereof with l-azidomethyl-3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzene in the presence of a suitable base and a solvent. Use of this procedure results in several shortcomings for synthesis on a commercial scale. For example, use of the solvent DMSO, with (2- chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone phosphate, requires a complex work-up that has a propensity to emulsify. This process also requires extraction with CH2CI2, the use of which is discouraged due to its potential as an occupational carcinogen, as well as the use of MgSC>4 and acid-washed carbon, which can generate large volumes of waste on a commercial scale. Conducting the reaction with (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone in isopropyl alcohol, as also described in WO2005/042515, is also undesirable due to the need to incorporate a free base step. Furthermore, variable levels of residual l-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene, a known mutagen, are obtained from use of the procedures described in WO2005/042515.

An improved process for preparing the compound of Formula I would control the level of 1- azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene impurity, and improve the yield. We have discovered that use of the novel salt, (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate, as well as use of tert-butanol as the reaction solvent, improves reaction times and final yield, and decreases impurities in the final product. In addition, a novel process for the preparation of (2-chlorophenyl)- [2-(2- hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate, in which a pre-formed enolate of 4-acetyl pyridine is added to (2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridine-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone, results in an overall improved yield and improved purity, and is useful on a commercial scale.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)- methanone (Form IV)

Figure imgf000005_0001

Suspend (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl] methanone benzoate (204.7 g; 1.04 equiv; 445 mmoles) in t-butanol (614 mL) and treat the slurry with potassium carbonate (124.2 g; 898.6 mmoles). Heat to 7O0C with mechanical stirring for 1 hour. Add l-azidomethyl-3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzene (115.6 g; 1.00 equiv; 429.4 mmoles) in a single portion, then heat the mixture to reflux. A circulating bath is used to maintain a condenser temperature of 3O0C. After 18 hours at reflux, HPLC reveals that the reaction is complete (<2% l-azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzene remaining). The mixture is cooled to 7O0C, isopropanol (818 mL) is added, then the mixture is stirred at 7O0C for 1 hour. The mixture is filtered, and the waste filter cake is rinsed with isopropanol (409 mL). The combined filtrate and washes are transferred to a reactor, and the mechanically stirred contents are heated to 7O0C. To the dark purple solution, water (1.84 L) is added slowly over 35 minutes. The solution is cooled to 6O0C, then stirred for 1 hour, during which time a thin precipitate forms. The mixture is slowly cooled to RT, then the solid is filtered, washed with 1 : 1 isopropanol/water (614 mL), subsequently washed with isopropanol (410 mL), then dried in vacuo at 450C to produce 200.3 g of crude {2-[l-(3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone as a white solid. Crude {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin- 3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone (200.3 g) and isopropyl acetate (600 mL) are charged to a 5L 3-neck jacketed flask, then the contents heated to 750C. After dissolution is achieved, the vessel contents are cooled to 550C, then the solution polish filtered through a 5 micron filter, and the filter rinsed with a volume of isopropyl acetate (200 mL). After the polish filtration operation is complete, the filtrates are combined, and the vessel contents are adjusted to 5O0C. After stirring for at least 15 minutes at 5O0C, 0.21 grams of {2-[l-(3,5-bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2- chlorophenyl)-methanone Form IV seed (d90 = 40 microns) is added, and the mixture stirred at 5O0C for at least 2 h. Heptanes (1.90 L) are then added over at least 2 h. After the heptanes addition is completed, the slurry is stirred for an hour at 5O0C, cooled to 230C at a rate less then 2O0C per hour, then aged at 230C for an hour prior to isolation. The mixture is then filtered in portions through the bottom outlet valve in the reactor into a 600 mL filter. The resulting wetcake is washed portionwise with a solution containing heptanes (420 mL) and isopropyl acetate (180 mL), which is passed directly through the 5L crystallization vessel. The wetcake is blown dry for 5 minutes with nitrogen, then transferred to a 500 mL plastic bottle. The product is dried at 5O0C for 4 h. to produce 190.3g of pure {2-[l-(3,5- bistrifluoromethylbenzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-lH-[l,2,3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)- methanone, Form IV in 75.0% yield with 100% purity, as determined by HPLC analysis. Particle size is reduced via pin or jet mill. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 5.46 (s, 2H); 7.19 (m, 5H); 7.36 (dd, IH, J = 4.9, 7.8); 7.45 (s, 2H); 7.59 (m, IH); 7.83 (s, IH); 7.93 (dd, IH, J = 1.5, 7.8); 8.56 (dd, IH, J= 1.5, 4.9); 8.70 (d, 2H, J= 5.9).

Preparation 1-A (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate Charge powdered KOfBu (221.1 g, 1.93 moles, 1.40 eq.) to Reactor A, then charge DMSO (2 L) at

250C over 10 min. The KOfBu/DMSO solution is stirred for 30 min at 230C, then a solution of 4-acetyl pyridine (92 mL, 2.07 moles, 1.50 eq) in DMSO (250 mL) is prepared in reactor B. The contents of reactor B are added to Reactor A over 10 minutes, then the Reactor A enolate solution is stirred at 230C for Ih. In a separate 12-L flask (Reactor C), solid LiOH (84.26 g, 3.45 moles, 2.0 eq) is poured into a mixture of (2- phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone (500.0 g, 1.34 moles, 1.0 eq) and DMSO (2L), with stirring, at 230C. The enolate solution in reactor A is then added to Reactor C over a period of at least 15 minutes, and the red suspension warmed to 4O0C. The reaction is stirred for 3h, after which time HPLC analysis reveals less than 2% (2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone. Toluene (2.5 L) is charged, and the reactor temperature cooled to 3O0C. The mixture is quenched by addition of glacial acetic acid (316 mL, 5.52 moles, 4.0 eq), followed by 10 % NaCl (2.5 L). The biphasic mixture is transferred to a 22-L bottom-outlet Morton flask, and the aqueous layer is removed. The aqueous layer is then extracted with toluene (750 mL). The combined organic layers are washed with 10 % NaCl (750 mL), then concentrated to 4 volumes and transferred to a 12-L Morton flask and rinsed with isopropyl acetate (4 vol, 2 L). The opaque amber solution is warmed to 75 degrees to 750C over 40 min. Benzoic acid (171. Ig, 1.34 moles, 1.0 eq) is dissolved in hot isopropyl acetate (1.5 L), and charged to the crude free base solution over at least 30 min. The crude solution containing benzoate salt is stirred for 0.5 h at 750C then cooled to 23 0C. When solids are first observed, the cooling is stopped and the mixture is aged for an hour at the temperature at which crystals are first observed. Alternatively, if seed crystal is available, the mixture may be seeded with (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate (2.25g) at 750C, followed by stirring for 0.5 h at 750C, then cooling to 230C over at least 1.5 h. The mixture is then cooled to <5 0C, then filtered through paper on a 24cm single-plate filter. The filtercake is then rinsed with cold z-PrOAc (750 mL) to produce granular crystals of bright orange-red color. The wet solid is dried at 550C to produce 527.3 g (83% yield) with 99.9% purity. (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2- pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate. Anal. Calcd. for C26Hi9N2ClO4: C, 68.05; H, 4.17; N, 7.13. Found: C, 67.89; H, 4.15; N 6.05. HRMS: calcd for C19H13ClN2O2, 336.0666; found 336.0673.

The synthesis of(2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone benzoate proceeds optimally when the potassium enolate of 4-acetyl pyridine is pre-formed using KOfBu in DMSO. Pre-formation of the enolate allows the SNAR (nucleophilic aromatic substitution) reaction to be performed between room temperature and 4O0C, which minimizes the amount of degradation. Under these conditions, the SNAR is highly regioselective, resulting in a ratio of approximately 95:5 preferential C – acylation. In all cases, less polar solvents such as THF or toluene, or co-solvents of these solvents mixed with DMSO, results in a substantial increase of acylation at the oxygen in the SNAR, and leads to a lower yield of product. This is a substantial improvement over the procedures described in WO2005/042515 for synthesis of the free base or the phosphate salt, in which the SNAR is performed at 60-700C, resulting in a substantial increase in chemical impurity. Using the conditions described in WO2005/042515, when scaled to 2kg, results in maximum yields of 55%, with sub-optimal potency. In comparison, the improved conditions described herein can be run reproducibly from 0.4 to 2kg scale to give yields of 77-83%, with >99% purity. In addition, the reaction can be held overnight at 4O0C with minimal degradation, whereas holding the reaction for 1 h past completion at 60-70°C results in substantial aromatized impurity. The reaction may also be performed using sodium tert-amylate as the base, in combination with an aprotic solvent, such as DMSO or DMF.

The title compound exists as a mixture of tautomers and geometric isomers. It is understood that each of these forms is encompassed within the scope of the invention.

Figure imgf000008_0001

Preparation 1-B

(2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate The procedure described in Preparation 1-A is followed, with the following exception. Solid toluic acid (1.0 eq) is added to the crude free base solution at 550C, then the solution cooled to 45 0C. The solution is stirred for one hour at 45 0C, then slowly cooled to 23 0C. When solids are first observed, the cooling is stopped and the mixture is aged for an hour at the temperature at which crystals are first observed. Alternatively, if seed crystal is available, the mixture may be seeded, aged for 3 h at 450C , then cooled to O0C over 4 h. The isolation slurry is filtered, and the wetcake washed with MeOH (3 volumes). The wetcake is dried at 5O0C to provide 14.0 g (76.4%) of (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy-2-pyridin-4-yl- vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate as a light red powder.

As with the benzoate salt, the toluate salt can also exist as a mixture of tautomers and geometric isomers, each of which is encompassed within the scope of the invention. (2-chlorophenyl)-[2-(2-hydroxy- 2-pyridin-4-yl-vinyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone toluate . 13C NMR (125 MHz,DMS0-d6) δ 194.5, 167.8, 167.4, 155.5, 150.7 (2C), 147.4, 144.0, 143.4, 142.7, 138.6, 133.0, 130.8, 130.7, 130.5, 129.8(2C), 129.5(2C), 128.5, 128.0, 127.9, 119.9 (2C), 118.6, 92.6, 21.5.

Preparation 1-C

(2-phenylsulfonyl-pyridin-3-yl)-(2-chlorophenyl)methanone

A solution of 1.3 eq of diisopropylamine (based on 2-benzenesulfonyl pyridine) in 5 volumes of THF in a mechanically stirred 3 -necked flask is cooled to -70 to -75 0C. To this solution is added 1.05 eq of w-butyllithium (1.6M in hexanes) at such a rate as to maintain the temperature below -6O0C. The light yellow solution is stirred at -60 to -70 0C for 30 minutes. Once the temperature has cooled back down to – 60 to -650C, 1.0 eq of 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine, as a solution in 3 volumes of THF, is added at the fastest rate that will maintain the reaction temperature under -6O0C. A yellow suspension forms during the addition that becomes yellow-orange upon longer stirring. This mixture is stirred for 3 hours at -60 to – 750C, and then 1.06 eq of 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, as a solution in 1 volume of THF, is added dropwise at a sufficient rate to keep the temperature under -55 0C. The suspension gradually turns orange-red, thins out, and then becomes a clear red solution. The reaction mixture is allowed to stir at -60 to -7O0C for 1 hour, 3N aqueous HCl (7 volumes) is added over 20-30 minutes, and the temperature is allowed to exotherm to 0-100C. The color largely disappears, leaving a biphasic yellow solution. The solution is warmed to at least 1O0C, the layers are separated, and the aqueous layer is back-extracted with 10 volumes of ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers are washed with 10 volumes of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and concentrated to about 2 volumes. Ethyl acetate (10 volumes) is added, and the solution is once again concentrated to 2 volumes. The thick solution is allowed to stand overnight and is taken to the next step with no purification of the crude alcohol intermediate. The crude alcohol intermediate is transferred to a 3 -necked flask with enough ethyl acetate to make the total solution about 10 volumes. The yellow solution is treated with 3.2 volumes of 10% aqueous (w/w) potassium bromide, followed by 0.07 eq of 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxide (TEMPO). The orange mixture is cooled to 0-50C and treated with a solution of 1.25 eq of sodium bicarbonate in 12% w/w sodium hypochlorite (9 volumes) and 5 volumes of water over 30-60 minutes while allowing the temperature to exotherm to a maximum of 2O0C. The mixture turns dark brown during the addition, but becomes yellow, and a thick precipitate forms. The biphasic light yellow mixture is allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 1-3 hours, at which time the reaction is generally completed. The biphasic mixture is cooled to 0-50C and stirred for 3 hours at that temperature. The solid is filtered off, washed with 4 volumes of cold ethyl acetate, followed by 4 volumes of water, and dried in vacuo at 450C to constant weight. Typical yield is 80-83% with a purity of greater than 98%. 1H NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3-^) δ ppm 7.38 (td, ./=7.52, 1.28 Hz, 1 H) 7.47 (dd, ./=7.80, 1.30 Hz, 1 H) 7.51 (td, ./=7.79, 1.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.51 (t, ./=7.89 Hz, 2 H) 7.50 – 7.54 (m, J=7.75, 4.63 Hz, 1 H) 7.60 (t, J=7.43 Hz, 1 H) 7.73 (dd, J=7.75, 1.60 Hz, 1 H) 7.81 (dd, J=7.79, 1.56 Hz, 1 H) 8.00 (dd, ./=8.44, 1.10 Hz, 2 H) 8.76 (dd, ./=4.63, 1.61 Hz, 1 H).

Preparation 1-D 1 -azidomethyl-3,5-bistrifluoromethyl-benzene

Sodium azide (74.3 g, 1.14 mol) is suspended in water (125 mL), then DMSO (625 mL) is added. After stirring for 30 minutes, a solution consisting of 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride (255.3 g, 0.97 moles) and DMSO (500 mL) is added over 30 minutes. (The 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride is heated to 350C to liquefy prior to dispensing (MP = 30-320C)). The benzyl chloride feed vessel is rinsed with DMSO (50 mL) into the sodium azide solution, the mixture is heated to 4O0C, and then maintained for an hour at 4O0C, then cooled to 230C.

In Process Analysis: A drop of the reaction mixture is dissolved in d6-DMSO and the relative intensities of the methylene signals are integrated (NMR verified as a 0.35% limit test for 3,5- Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl Chloride). Work-up: After the mixture reaches 230C , it is diluted with heptanes (1500 mL), then water (1000 mL) is added, and the mixture exotherms to 350C against a jacket setpoint of 230C. The aqueous layer is removed (-2200 mL), then the organic layer (approximately 1700 mL) is washed with water (2 X 750 mL). The combined aqueous layers (-3700 mL) are analyzed and discarded.

The solvent is then partially removed via vacuum distillation with a jacket set point of 850C, pot temperature of 60-650C and distillate head temperature of 50-550C to produce 485g (94.5% yield) of 51 Wt% solution title compound as a clear liquid. Heptanes can be either further removed by vacuum distillation or wiped film evaporation technology. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 4.58 (s, 2H); 7.81 (s, 2H); 7.90 (s, IH).

Preparation 1-E 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine Charge 2-chloropyridine (75 mL, 790 mmol), thiophenol (90 mL, 852 mmol), and DMF (450 mL) to a 2L flask. Add K2CO3 (134.6 g, 962 mmol), then heat to HO0C and stir for 18 hours. Filter the mixture, then rinse the waste cake with DMF (195 mL). The combined crude sulfide solution and rinses are transferred to a 5-L flask, and the waste filtercake is discarded. Glacial acetic acid (57 mL, 995 mmol) is added to the filtrate, then the solution is heated to 4O0C, and 13 wt % NaOCl solution (850 mL, 1.7 mol) is added over 2 hours. After the reaction is complete, water (150 mL) is added, then the pH of the mixture adjusted to 9 with 20 % (w/v) NaOH solution (250 mL). The resulting slurry is cooled to <5 0C, stirred for 1.5 h, then filtered, and the cake washed with water (3 x 200 mL). The product wetcake is dried in a 550C vacuum oven to provide 2-benzene-sulfonyl pyridine (149 g, 676 mmol) in 86 % yield: 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, IH), 8.19 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, IH), 8.05 (m, 2H), 7.92 (ddd, J= 9.3, 7.7, 1.6 Hz, IH), 7.60 (m, IH), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, IH); IR (KBr) 788, 984, 1124, 1166, 1306, 1424, 1446, 1575, 3085 cm“1; MS (TOF) mlz 220.0439 (220.0427 calcd for C11H10NO2S, MH); Anal, calcd for C11H9NO2S: C, 60.26; H, 4.14; N, 6.39; S, 14.62. Found: C, 60.40; H, 4.02; N, 6.40; S, 14.76.

As noted above, use of the improved process of the present invention results in an improved habit of the crystalline Form IV compound of Formula I. The improved habit reduces surface area of the crystal, improves the filtration, and washing, and improves the efficiency of azide mutagen rejection. These improvements are described in greater detail below.

In patent application WO2005/042515, the polish filtration is carried out in 7 volumes (L/kg) of isopropanol near its boiling point (65-83 0C), a process that is difficult and hazardous to execute in commercial manufacturing because of the high risk of crystallization on the filter and/or vessel transfer lines due to supersaturation. In the preferred crystallization solvent, isopropyl acetate, the polish filtration is conducted in four volumes of isopropyl acetate at temperatures from 45 to 55 0C. This temperature range is 35 to 45 0C lower than the boiling point of isopropyl acetate, which provides a key safety advantage.

PATENT

WO 2005042515

PATENT

WO 2017031215

EXAMPLES

Example 1: Preparation of Compound (I) via Negishi Coupling Route

Example 1 provides a scheme including preparations 1A-1D, described below, for the synthesis of the compound of Formula (I) and intermediates used in the route. An overview of the scheme is as follows:

80 on ma s ale

Example 1A: Preparation of Compound (I)

Zinc dust (200 mg, 3.06 mmol) combined with 2.0 mL of dimethylformamide was treated with 0.010 mL of 1,2-dibromoethane and heated to 65°C for 3 minutes. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and treated with 0.010 mL of trimethylsilyl chloride. After 5 minutes, 1.26 mL of 1M zinc chloride in diethyl ether was added to the mixture followed by Compound (Ila) (600 mg, 1.20 mmol). The mixture was heated to 65°C and further treated with 0.020 mL each of 1,2-dibromoethane and trimethylsilyl chloride. After 2.5 hours, via HPLC chromatogram, the reaction showed some formation of the zincate and was allowed to stir at ambient temperature for 16 hours. At this time

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (70 mg, 0.06 mmol), Compound (Ilia) (357 mg, 1.20 mmol) were added to the reaction and the mixture heated to 65°C. HPLC analysis showed the formation of Compound (I) in the reaction.

IB: Preparation of Comp

To a solution of Compound (IV) (8.00 g, 18 mmol) in 40 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane was added a solution of iodine monochloride (10.7 g, 65.9 mmol) in 40 mL of 1,2-dichloroethane resulting in a slurry. The slurry was heated to 75°C for 4 hours then cooled to ambient temperature. The solids were collected by filtration, washed with heptane, then combined with 90 mL of ethyl acetate and 80 mL of saturated sodium thiosulfate solution. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution and dried with sodium sulfate. The mixture was concentrated to yield 7.80 g (87%) of Compound (Ila) as a yellow solid. The product could be further purified by silica gel chromatography. Thus 2.0 g of yellow solid was dissolved in dichloromethane and charged onto a silica gel column. The product was eluted using tert-butyl methyl ether to provide 1.87 g (93% recovery) of Compound (Ila) as a white powder. Analytical data: Iodine monochloride complex: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.80 (2 H), 8.05 (1 H), 7.77 (2 H), 7.59 (2 H), 5.86 (2 H).

Uncomplexed: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.71 (2 H), 8.03 (1 H), 7.74 (2 H), 7.44 (2 H), 5.86 (2 H).

It was observed that the iodination proceeded smoothly as a suspension in 1,2-dichloroethane with IC1 (4.0 equiv) at 75°C. An ICl-Compound (Ila) complex was initially isolated by filtration. Compound (Ila) was then obtained in approximately 85% yield by treatment of the ICl-Compound (Ila) complex with sodium thiosulfate. This protocol provided a viable means of isolation of Compound (Ila) without the use of DMF.

Example 1C: Preparation of silyl substituted triazole (Compound IV)

A mixture of Compound (V) (8.07 g, 30.0 mmol) and Compound (VI) (5.12 g, 29.2 mmol) was heated to 100°C for 18 hours. To the mixture was added 40 mL of heptane and the reaction was allowed to cool with rapid stirring. After 1 hour the solids were collected by filtration and washed with heptane then dried to 9.30 g (72%) of Compound (IV) as a tan solid. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 8.66 (2 H), 8.04 (1 H), 7.67 (2 H), 7.32 (2 H), 5.72 (2 H), 0.08 (9 H).

It was further found that combining Compound (V) and Compound (VI) (neat) and heating at 95 – 105°C afforded a 92: 8 mixture of regioisomers as shown below:

Crystallization of the mixture from heptane afforded Compound (IV) in 62-72% yield, thus obviating the need for chromatography to isolate Compound (IV).

Example ID: Preparation of starting material Compound (VI)

Zinc bromide (502 g, 2.23 mole) was added in approximately 100 g portions to 2.0 L of tetrahydrofuran cooled to between 0 and 10°C. To this cooled solution was added 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (200 g, 1.02 mol), triphenylphosphine (54 g, 0.206 mol), and palladium (II) chloride (9.00 g, 0.0508 mol). Triethylamine (813 g, 8.03 mol) was then added at a rate to maintain the reaction temperature at less than 10°C, and finally

trimethylsilylacetylene (202 g, 2.05 mol) was added. The mixture was heated to 60°C for 4.5 hours. The reaction was cooled to -5°C and combined with 2.0 L of hexanes and treated with 2 L of 7.4 M NH4OH. Some solids were formed and were removed as much as possible with the aqueous phase. The organic phase was again washed with 2.0 L of 7.4 M NH4OH, followed by 2 washes with 500 mL of water, neutralized with 1.7 L of 3 M hydrochloric acid, dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrate to a thick slurry. The slurry was combined with 1.0 L of hexanes to give a precipitate. The precipitate was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated to 209 g of dark oil. The product was purified by distillation (0.2 torr, 68°C) to give 172 g (96%) of Compound (VI) as colorless oil. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, DMDO-de) δ 8.57 (2 H), 7.40 (2 H), 0.23 (9 H).

EXAMPLE 2 – Preparation of Compound (Ilia)

Example 2 provides a morpholine amide route for the synthesis of Compound (Ilia). In this approach, morpholine amide (Compound VII) was prepared from 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride (Preparation 2A). Metallation of 2-bromopyridine with LDA (1.09 equiv.) in THF at -70°C followed by addition of (Compound VII) afforded Compound (Ilia) in 37% yield after crystallization from IP A/heptane (Preparation 2B). This sequence provides a direct route to Compound (Ilia), and a means to isolate Compound (Ilia) without the use of

chromatography. Compound (Ilia) may then be used to form Compound (I) as shown in Example 1A above (Preparation 2C).

Preparation 2A: Preparation of Compound (VII)

Toluene (1.5 L) was added to Compound (IX) (150 g, 0.86 mol) and cooled to 10°C. Morpholine (82 mL, 0.94 mol) was added to the clear solution over 10 minutes. The resulting white slurry was stirred for 20 minutes then pyridine (92 mL, 1.2 mol) was added dropwise over 20 minutes. The cloudy white mixture was stirred in a cold bath for 1 hour. Water (600 mL) was added in a single portion and the cold bath removed. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and the layers are separated. The organic layer was washed with a mixture of 1 N HC1 and water (2: 1, 500 mL:250 mL). The pH of the aqueous layer was ~ 2. The organic layer was washed with a mixture of saturated NaHCCb and water (1 : 1, 100 mL: 100 mL). The pH of the aqueous layer was ~ 9. The layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to an oil. The oil was dissolved in IPA (70 mL) and heated at 60°C for 30 min. The clear solution was allowed to cool to 30°C, then heptane (700 mL, 4.7 v) was added dropwise. The resulting slurry was stirred at RT for 2 hours then cooled to 0°C for 1 hour. The slurry was filtered at RT, washed with heptane then dried under vacuum at 30°C overnight. Compound (VII) (156.2 g, 81%) was obtained as a white solid. Analytical data: ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDCh) δ 7.42-7.40 (m, 1 H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 3 H), 3.91-3.87 (m, 1 H), 3.80-3.76 (m, 3 H), 3.71 (ddd, J= 11.5, 6.8, 3.3 Hz, 1 H), 3.60 (ddd, J = 11.2, 6.4, 3.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.28 (ddd, J= 13.4, 6.3, 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.22 (ddd, J= 13.7, 6.8, 3.3 Hz, 1 H); LRMS (ES+) calcd for CnHi3F6ClN02 (M+H)+ 226.1, found 225.9 m/z.

Preparation 2B: Preparation of Compound (Ilia)

THF (75 mL) was added to diisopropyl amine (4.9 mL, 34.8 mmol) and cooled to a

temperature of -70°C under N2 atmosphere. 2.5 M w-BuLi in hexanes (13.9 mL, 34.8 mmol) was added in a single portion (a 30-40°C exotherm) to the clear solution and cooled back to -70°C. Compound (VIII) (5.0 g, 31.6 mmol) was added neat to the LDA solution (a 2 to 5°C exotherm) followed by a THF (10 mL) rinse, keeping T< -65°C. This clear yellow solution was stirred at -70°C for 15 min. Compound (VII) (7.1 g, 31.6 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added keeping T< -65°C. The resulting clear orange solution was stirred at -70°C for 3 hours. MeOH (3 mL) was added to quench reaction mixture and the cold bath was removed. 5 N HC1 (25 mL) was added to the reaction solution. MTBE (25 mL) was added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (25 mL X 2). The organic layer was dried over MgS04 and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to an orange oil. The oil was dissolved in IPA (15 mL, 3 vol) at ambient temperature. Heptane (25 mL) was added dropwise and the resulting slurry was stirred at RT for 1 hour. The slurry was cooled to 0°C for 1 hour and filtered. The filter cake was rinsed with chilled heptane (20 mL) and dried under vacuum at 30°C overnight. Compound (Ilia) (4.25 g, 45%) was obtained as a yellow solid.

Several reactions were run at different temperatures and with different addition rates of Compound (VII). If the reaction temperature was maintained below -65°C and Compound (VII) was added in <5 min, it was found that the reaction worked well. If the temperature was increased and/or the addition time of Compound (VII) was increased, then yields suffered, and the work-up was complicated by emulsions.

Preparation 2C: Preparation of Compound (I)

Compound (Ilia) may then reacted with Compound (Ila) to produce Compound (I) as shown in Preparation 1A.

EXAMPLE 3

Example 3 describes a new route for the synthesis of an intermediate free base, which may be used to form Compound (I) as described further below.

Example 3A: Preparation of starting material (Compound X) from 2-Chloronicotinonitrile

A mixture of NaH (40.0 g, 1 mol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) and 2-chloronicotinonitrile (69.3 g, 500 mmol) in THF (1 L) was heated to reflux. A solution of 4-acetylpyridine (60.6 g, 500 mmol) in THF (400 mL) was added over a period of 40 min. The resulting dark brown mixture was stirred at reflux for ~ 2 h. The heating mantle was then removed, and AcOH (58 mL, 1 mol) was added. EtOAc (1 L) and H2O (1 L) were then added, and the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated to afford an oily solid. CH3CN (500 mL) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. H2O (1 L) was then added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h then filtered. The solid was rinsed with 2: 1

CH3CN-H2O (900 mL) and hexanes (400 mL) then dried under vacuum at 45°C overnight to afford 61.4 g (55% yield) of Compound (X) as yellow solid. Compound (X) exists as an approximate 95:5 enol-ketone mixture in CDCI3. Analytical data for enol: IR (CHCI3): 3024, 2973, 2229, 1631, 1597, 1579, 1550, 1497; ¾ NMR (500 MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.69 (dd, J= 4.4,

1.7 Hz, 2H), 8.55 (dd, J = 5.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J= 7.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J= 4.6, 1.5 Hz, 2H, 7.17 (dd, J = 7.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H); LRMS (ES+) calcd for C13H10N3O (M+H)+ 224.1, found 224.0 m/z.

Preparation 3B: Preparation of Compound (XI)

Preparation 3B(1):

(X) (XI)

Compound (XI) may be prepared using Compound (X).

Preparation 3B(2):

Alternatively, the following procedure for the conversion of nitrile into an acid which may also yield compound (XI). A mixture of Compound (X) (1 eq) and NaOH (1.5 eq) in 1 : 1 fhO-EtOH (3.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) was heated at 65°C overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to RT then added to CH2C12 (12.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) and H20 (12.5 mL/g of Compound (X)). Cone. HC1 (2.5 mL/g of Compound (X)) was then added, and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH2CI2 (10 mL/g of Compound (X)). The combined organic extracts were washed with H2O (12.5 ml/g of Compound (X)), dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to afford Compound (XI).

Preparation 3C

Compound Compound (XI) may then be converted into a Stage C intermediate free base, with observed 87% conversion in Grignard reaction as shown above. A complete synthesis route for Com ound (I) starting from compound Compound (XI) is depicted below.

Detailed experimental procedures for the synthesis of benzoate salt and final step are given in

International Patent Application Publication WO 2008/079600 Al .

References

  1.  “Company Overview of Eli Lilly & Co., Worldwide License to Develop and Commercialize VLY-686”. Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  2.  [1]
  3.  “Vanda Pharmaceuticals Announces Tradipitant Phase II Proof of Concept Study Results for Chronic Pruritus in Atopic Dermatitis”. PR Newswire. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  4.  Schmidt, B (2006). “Proof of principle studies”. Epilepsy Res. 68 (1): 48–52. doi:10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.09.019. PMID 16377153.
  5.  George, DT; Gilman, J; Hersh, J; et al. (2008). “Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism.”. Science. 6: 1536–1539. doi:10.2147/SAR.S70350. PMC 4567173Freely accessible. PMID 26379454.
  6.  Tauscher, J; Kielbasa, W; Iyengar, S; et al. (2010). “Development of the 2nd generation neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist LY686017 for social anxiety disorder”. European Neuropsychopharmacology. 20 (2): 80–87. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.10.005. PMID 20018493.

George, D.T.; Gilman, J.; Hersh, J.; Thorsell, A.; Herion, D.; Geyer, C.; Peng, X.; Kielbasa, W.; Rawlings, R.; Brandt, J.E.; Gehlert, D.R.; Tauscher, J.T.; Hunt, S.P.; Hommer, D.; Heilig, M. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism, Science 2008, 319(5869): 1536

Gackenheimer, S.L.; Gehlert, D.R.In vitro and in vivo autoradiography of the NK-1 antagonist (3H)-LY686017 in guinea pig brain39th Annu Meet Soc Neurosci (October 17-21, Chicago) 2009, Abst 418.16

Tonnoscj, K.; Zopey, R.; Labus, J.S.; Naliboff, B.D.; Mayer, E.A.
The effect of chronic neurokinin-1 receptor antagonism on sympathetic nervous system activity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Dig Dis Week (DDW) (May 30-June 4, Chicago) 2009, Abst T1261

Kopach, M.E.; Kobierski, M.E.; Coffey, D.S.; et al.  
Process development and pilot-plant synthesis of (2-chlorophenyl)[2-(phenylsulfonyl)pyridin-3-yl]methanone
Org Process Res Dev 2010, 14(5): 1229

1 to 7 of 7
Patent ID Patent Title Submitted Date Granted Date
US2016060250 NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE 2015-11-10 2016-03-03
US2015320866 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING ANTIEMETIC COMPOUNDS AND POLYORTHOESTER 2013-12-13 2015-11-12
US2014206877 NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE 2014-03-27 2014-07-24
US2012225904 New 7-Phenyl-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4, 3-a]Pyridin-3(2H)-One Derivatives 2010-11-09 2012-09-06
US2010056795 NOVEL INTERMEDIATE AND PROCESS USEFUL IN THE PREPARATION OF -(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-METHANONE 2010-03-04
US7381826 Crystalline forms of {2-[1-(3, 5-bis-trifluoromethyl-benzyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-[1, 2, 3]triazol-4-yl]-pyridin-3-yl}-(2-chlorophenyl)-methanone 2007-04-05 2008-06-03
US7320994 Triazole derivatives as tachykinin receptor antagonists 2005-10-27 2008-01-22
Tradipitant
LY686017.svg
Legal status
Legal status
  • Investigational
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
Chemical and physical data
Formula C28H16ClF6N5O
Molar mass 587.90 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)

TRADIPITANT

Overview

Tradipitant

Tradipitant is being evaluated in a Phase II study in treatment resistant pruritus in atopic dermatitis.

Tradipitant is an NK-1 receptor antagonist licensed from Eli Lilly in 2012. Tradipitant has demonstrated proof-of-concept in alcohol dependence in a study published by the NIH1. In that study tradipitant was shown to reduce alcohol cravings and voluntary alcohol consumption among patients with alcohol dependence. NK-1R antagonists have been evaluated in a number of indications including chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), alcohol dependence, anxiety, depression, and pruritus.

The NK-1R is expressed throughout different tissues of the body, with major activity found in neuronal tissue. Substance P (SP) and NK-1R interactions in neuronal tissue regulate neurogenic inflammation locally and the pain perception pathway through the central nervous system. Other tissues, including endothelial cells and immune cells, have also exhibited SP and NK-1R activity2. The activation of NK-1R by the natural ligand SP is involved in numerous physiological processes, including the perception of pain, behavioral stressors, cravings, and the processes of nausea and vomiting1,2,3. An inappropriate over-expression of SP either in nervous tissue or peripherally could result in pathological conditions such as substance dependence, anxiety, nausea/vomiting, and pruritus1,2,3,4. An NK-1R antagonist may possess the ability to reduce this over-stimulation of the NK-1R, and as a result address the underlying pathophysiology of the symptoms in these conditions.

References

  1. George DT, Gilman J, Hersh J, Thorsell A, Herion D, Geyer C, Peng X, Keilbasa W, Rawlings R, Brandt JE, Gehlert DR, Tauscher JT, Hunt SP, Hommer D, Heilig M. Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism as a possible therapy for alcoholism. Science. 2008; 319(5869):1536-9
  2. Almeida TA, Rojo J, Nieto PM, Pinto FM, Hernandez M, et al. Tachykinins and tachykinin receptors: structure and activity relationships. Current Medicinal Chemistry. 2004;11:2045-2081.
  3. Hargreaves R, Ferreira JC, Hughes D, Brands J, Hale J, Mattson B, Mill S. Development of aprepitant, the first neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2011; 1222:40-48.
  4. Stander S, Weisshaar E, Luger A. Neurophysiological and neurochemical basis of modern pruritus treatment. Experimental Dermatology. 2007;17:161-69.

///////////////////tradipitant, PHASE 2, VLY-686,  LY686017, традипитант , تراديبيتانت , 曲地匹坦 , VANDA, ELI LILLY, Gastroparesis Pruritus


Filed under: Phase2 drugs, Uncategorized Tagged: eli lilly, Gastroparesis Pruritus, LY686017, традипитант, phase 2, tradipitant, VANDA, VLY-686, 曲地匹坦, تراديبيتانت

FDA approves Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) for carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

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ChemSpider 2D Image | Telotristat ethyl | C27H26ClF3N6O3Image result for telotristat ethyl

 

Telotristat ethyl

Molecular Formula, C27-H26-Cl-F3-N6-O3,

Molecular Weight, 574.9884,

RN: 1033805-22-9
UNII: 8G388563M

LX 1032

(2S)-2-Amino-3-[4-[2-amino-6-[[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl]oxy]pyrimidin-4-yl]phenyl]propionic acid ethyl ester

Ethyl-4-(2-amino-6-{(1R)-1-[4-chlor-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluorethoxy}-4-pyrimidinyl)-L-phenylalaninat

L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester
SEE……………
Image result for Telotristat etiprate,LX1606 Hippurate.png
Telotristat etiprate,
(S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate .
CAS: 1137608-69-5 (etiprate), LX 1606
Chemical Formula: C36H35ClF3N7O6
Molecular Weight: 754.16
L-Phenylalanine, 4-[2-amino-6-[(1R)-1-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy]-4-pyrimidinyl]-, ethyl ester, compd. with N-benzoylglycine (1:1)
  • LX 1032 hippurate
  • LX 1606
SEE ALSO………….
Telotristat, also known as LX1033, 1033805-28-5 CAS OF ACID FORM
 Arokiasamy Devasagayaraj
02/28/2017
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) tablets in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy for the treatment of adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea that SSA therapy alone has inadequately controlled.
February 28, 2017
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Xermelo (telotristat ethyl) tablets in combination with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy for the treatment of adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea that SSA therapy alone has inadequately controlled.

Carcinoid syndrome is a cluster of symptoms sometimes seen in people with carcinoid tumors. These tumors are rare, and often slow-growing. Most carcinoid tumors are found in the gastrointestinal tract. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in less than 10 percent of patients with carcinoid tumors, usually after the tumor has spread to the liver. The tumors in these patients release excess amounts of the hormone serotonin, resulting in diarrhea. Complications of uncontrolled diarrhea include weight loss, malnutrition, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance.

“Today’s approval will provide patients whose carcinoid syndrome diarrhea is not adequately controlled with another treatment option,” said Julie Beitz, M.D., director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research.

Xermelo, in a regimen with SSA therapy, is approved in tablet form to be taken orally three times daily with food. Xermelo inhibits the production of serotonin by carcinoid tumors and reduces the frequency of carcinoid syndrome diarrhea.

The safety and efficacy of Xermelo were established in a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 90 adult participants with well-differentiated metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and carcinoid syndrome diarrhea. These patients were having between four to 12 daily bowel movements despite the use of SSA at a stable dose for at least three months. Participants remained on their SSA treatment, and were randomized to add placebo or treatment with Xermelo three times daily. Those receiving Xermelo added on to their SSA treatment experienced a greater reduction in average bowel movement frequency than those on SSA and placebo. Specifically, 33 percent of participants randomized to add Xermelo on to SSA experienced an average reduction of two bowel movements per day compared to 4 percent of patients randomized to add placebo on to SSA.

The most common side effects of Xermelo include nausea, headache, increased levels of the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase, depression, accumulation of fluid causing swelling (peripheral edema), flatulence, decreased appetite and fever. Xermelo may cause constipation, and the risk of developing constipation may be increased in patients whose bowel movement frequency is less than four bowel movements per day. Patients treated with a higher than recommended dosage of Xermelo developed severe constipation in clinical trials. One patient required hospitalization and two other patients developed complications of either intestinal perforation or intestinal obstruction. Patients should be monitored for severe constipation. If a patient experiences severe constipation or severe, persistent or worsening abdominal pain, they should discontinue Xermelo and contact their healthcare provider.

The FDA granted this application fast track designation and priority review. The drug also received orphan drug designation, which provides incentives to assist and encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases.

Xermelo is manufactured by Woodlands, Texas-based Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

SYNTHESIS…….WO 2011100285

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2011100285&recNum=142&docAn=US2011024141&queryString=((serotonin)%2520OR%2520(HT2C)%2520OR%2520(&

5.67. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yll- phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll-propionic acid ethyl ester

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below:

Step 1: Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C (ice water bath) over 10 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -70°C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added.

Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (1M, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 10 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCI (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-50°C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHC03 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). !H-NMR (300 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (1M in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2-methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and 1-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 hours, and further stirred at -32 °C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). !H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCIs) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, 1H), 7.40 (d, 1H), 7.61 (d, 2H).

Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2.2.2-trifluoro-ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65 g, 54.06 mmol), 3-methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), Cul (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), 2CO3 (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 130°C (oil bath temperature) for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H2O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). i-H-NMR (400 MHz, CDC ): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, 1H), 6.20(s, 1H), 6.84(d, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 7.30(d, 1H), 7.50(d, 1H).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- 4-(2-amino-6-fR-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll^^^-trifluoro-ethoxyl-pyrimidin^-yll-phenvD-propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and CS2CO3 (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 100°C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 hours. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 60°C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCI (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-40 °C for 12 hours. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a 1L beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H3PO4 (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58 °C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-60°C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-[R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}^ propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %.

To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOC (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-5°C.

Crude acid (26.8 ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-45°C for 6-12 hours. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na2C03 to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl}-propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. !H-NMR (400 MHz, CDsOD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

SYNTHESIS OF INTERMEDIATE

WO 2009048864

https://google.com/patents/WO2009048864A1?cl=en

6.15. Preparation of 6SV3-(4-(2-Amino-6-chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2- (fert-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using the Lithium Salt of (S)-2-(te^-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoic Acid

Figure imgf000021_0001

During preparation of compound 7, the isolation of the free acid can be optionally omitted. Thus, an aqueous solution of the lithium salt of compound 7 in 100 ml water, prepared from 5.0 g of Boc-Tyr-OMe (4, 17 mmol), was mixed 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (3.3 g, 1.2 eq), potassium bicarbonate (5.0 g, 3 eq), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (60 mg, 0.5 mol%), and 100 ml ethanol. The resulting mixture was heated at 700C for 5 hours. Additional 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.1 g, 0.4 eq) was added and heating was continued at 7O0C for an additional 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed about 94% conversion. Upon cooling and filtration, the filtrate was analyzed by HPLC against a standard solution of compound 8. The assay indicated 3.9 g compound 8 was contained in the solution (59% yield from compound 4).

6.16. Alternative Procedure for Preparation of (S)-3-(4-f2-Amino-6- chloropyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)-2-(fe^-butoxycarbonylamino)propanoic Acid Using Potassium Carbonate as Base

Figure imgf000021_0002

The boronic acid compound 11 (Ryscor Science, Inc., North Carolina, 1.0 g, 4.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.32 g, 2 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (15 ml ethanol and 8 ml water). Di-ter£-butyldicarbonate (1.25 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. After 30 minutes agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6- dichloropyrimidine (1.18 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride (34 mg, 1 mol%) were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 65-700C for 3 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. After concentration and filtration, HPLC analysis of the resulting aqueous solution against a standard solution of compound 8 showed 1.26 g compound 8 (67% yield).

6.17. Alternative procedure for preparation of (5)-3-(4-(2-Amino-6-

Figure imgf000022_0001

The boronic acid compound 11 (10 g, 48 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (14.4 g, 3 eq) were mixed in aqueous ethanol (250 ml ethanol and 50 ml water). Oi-tert- butyldicarbonate (12.5 g, 1.2 eq) was added in one portion. HPLC analysis indicated that the reaction was not complete after overnight stirring at room temperature. Potassium carbonate (6.6 g, 1.0 eq) and additional di-te/t-butyldicarbonate (3.1 g, 0.3 eq) were added. After 2.5 hours agitation at room temperature, HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of the starting compound 11. The 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (11.8 g, 1.5 eq) and the catalyst bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) dichloride (0.34 g, 1 mol%” were added and the resulting mixture was heated at 75-8O0C for 2 hours. HPLC analysis showed complete consumption of compound 12. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and filtered. The filtrate was washed with ethyl acetate (200 ml) and diluted with 3 : 1 THF/MTBE (120 ml). This mixture was acidified to pH about 2.4 by 6 N hydrochloric acid. The organic layer was washed with brine and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was precipitated in isopropanol, filtered, and dried at 500C under vacuum to give compound 8 as an off-white solid (9.0 g, 48% yield). Purity: 92.9% by HPLC analysis. Concentration of the mother liquor yielded and additional 2.2 g off-white powder (12% yield). Purity: 93.6% by HPLC analysis

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2013059146A1?cl=en

This invention is directed to solid pharmaceutical dosage forms in which an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-l-(4-chloro-2-(3- methyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate

(telotristat):

Figure imgf000004_0001

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound, its salts and crystalline forms can be obtained by methods known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. patent no. 7,709,493.

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2008073933A2?cl=en

6.19. Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3-r4-q-amino-6-{R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- Pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyll-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyll- propionic acid ethyl ester

Figure imgf000042_0001

The title compound was prepared stepwise, as described below: Step 1 : Synthesis of l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone. To a 500 ml 2 necked RB flask containing anhydrous methanol (300 ml) was added thionyl chloride (29.2 ml, 400 mmol) dropwise at 0-50C (ice water bath) over 10 min. The ice water bath was removed, and 2-bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid (25 g, 106 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to mild reflux for 12h. Progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC and LCMS. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated. Crude product was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM, 250 ml), washed with water (50 ml), sat. aq. NaHCO3 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to give the 2- bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (26 g, 99 %), which was directly used in the following step.

2-Bromo-4-chloro-benzoic acid methyl ester (12.4 g, 50 mmol) in toluene (200 ml) was cooled to -700C, and trifluoromethyl trimethyl silane (13 ml, 70 mmol) was added. Tetrabutylamonium fluoride (IM, 2.5 ml) was added dropwise, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature over 4h, after which it was stirred for 1Oh at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude [l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2- trifluoro-l-methoxy-ethoxy]-trimethyl-silane. The crude intermediate was dissolved in methanol (100 ml) and 6N HCl (100 ml) was added. The mixture was kept at 45-500C for 12h. Methanol was removed, and the crude was extracted with dichloromethane (200 ml). The combined DCM layer was washed with water (50 ml), NaHCO3 (50 ml), brine (50 ml), and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography, using 1-2% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent, to afford 1- (2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (10 g, 70%). 1H-NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 7.50 (d,lH), 7.65(d,lH), 7.80(s,lH).

Step 2: Synthesis of R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol. To catechol borane (IM in THF 280 ml, 280 mmol) in a 2L 3-necked RB flask was added S-2- methyl-CBS oxazaborolidine (7.76 g, 28 mmol) under nitrogen, and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78°C (dry ice/acetone bath), and l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanone (40 g, 139 mmol) in THF (400 ml) was added dropwise over 2h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -36°C, and was stirred at that temperature for 24 h, and further stirred at -32°C for another 24h. 3N NaOH (250 ml) was added, and the cooling bath was replaced by ice-water bath. Then 30 % hydrogen peroxide in water (250 ml) was added dropwise over 30 minutes. The ice water bath was removed, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and re-dissolved in ether (200 ml). The aqueous layer was extracted with ether (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were washed with IN aq. NaOH (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave crude product which was purified by column chromatography using 2 to 5% ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to give desired alcohol 36.2 g (90 %, e.e. >95%). The alcohol (36.2 g) was crystallized from hexane (80 ml) to obtain R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro- phenyl)-2,2,2-trifiuoro-ethanol 28.2 g (70 %; 99-100 % e.e.). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ (ppm) 5.48 (m, IH), 7.40 (d, IH), 7.61 (d, 2H). Step 3: Synthesis of R-l-r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-vπ-phenyl1-2.2.2-trifluoro- ethanol. R-l-(2-bromo-4-chloro-phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (15.65g, 54.06 mmol), 3- methylpyrazole (5.33 g, 65 mmol), CuI (2.06 g, 10.8 mmol), K2CO3 (15.7 g, 113.5 mmol), (lR,2R)-N,N’-dimethyl-cyclohexane-l,2-diamine (1.54 g, 10.8 mmol) and toluene (80 ml) were combined in a 250 ml pressure tube and heated to 1300C (oil bath temperature) for 12 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with H2O (4 x 100 ml), brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. Removal of solvent gave a crude product, which was purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5-10 % ethyl acetate in hexane as solvent to get R-I- [4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (13.5 g; 86 %). 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ (ppm) 2.30(s, 3H), 4.90(m, IH), 6.20(s, IH), 6.84(d, IH), 7.20(s, IH), 7.30(d, IH), 7.50(d, IH).

Step 4: Synthesis of (S)-2-Amino-3- r4-(2-amino-6- (R-I- r4-chloro-2-(3-methyl- pyrazol- 1 -ylVphenyl~|-2,2.,2-trifluoro-ethoxy| -pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyU -propionic acid ethyl ester. R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol (17.78 g, 61.17 mmol), (S)-3-[4-(2-amino-6-chloro-pyrimidine-4-yl)-phenyl]-2-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-propionic acid (20.03 g, 51 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (250 ml), and Cs2CO3 (79.5 g, 244 mmol) were combined in a 3-necked 500 ml RB flask and heated to 1000C (oil bath temperature) for 12-24 h. The progress of reaction was monitored by LCMS. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to 600C, and water (250 ml) and THF (400 ml) were added. The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (150 ml). The solvent was removed to give crude BOC protected product, which was taken in THF (400 ml), 3N HCl (200 ml). The mixture was heated at 35-400C for 12h. THF was removed in vacuo. The remaining aqueous layer was extracted with isopropyl acetate (2x 100 ml) and concentrated separately to recover the unreacted alcohol (3.5 g). Traces of remaining organic solvent were removed from the aqueous fraction under vacuum.

To a IL beaker equipped with a temperature controller and pH meter, was added H3PO4 (40 ml, 85 % in water) and water (300 ml) then 50 % NaOH in water to adjust pH to 6.15. The temperature was raised to 58°C and the above acidic aqueous solution was added dropwise into the buffer with simultaneous addition of 50 % NaOH solution in water so that the pH was maintained between 6.1 to 6.3. Upon completion of addition, precipitated solid was filtered and washed with hot water (50-600C) (2 x 200 ml) and dried to give crude (S)-2- amino-3-[4-(2-amino-6-{R-l-[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol-l-yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro- ethoxy}-pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid (26.8 g; 95 %). LCMS and HPLC analysis indicated the compound purity was about 96-97 %. To anhydrous ethanol (400 ml) was added SOCl2 (22 ml, 306 mmol) dropwise at 0-

5°C. Crude acid (26.8 g ) from the above reaction was added. The ice water bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was heated at 40-450C for 6-12h. After the reaction was completed, ethanol was removed in vacuo. To the residue was added ice water (300 ml), and extracted with isopropyl acetate (2 x 100 ml). The aqueous solution was neutralized with saturated Na2CO3 to adjust the pH to 6.5. The solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 300 ml). The combined ethyl acetate layer was washed with brine and concentrated to give 24 g of crude ester (HPLC purity of 96-97 %). The crude ester was then purified by ISCO column chromatography using 5 % ethanol in DCM as solvent to give (S)-2-amino-3-[4-(2- amino-6- (R- 1 -[4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-pyrazol- 1 -yl)-phenyl]-2,2,2-trifluoro-ethoxy} – pyrimidin-4-yl)-phenyl} -propionic acid ethyl ester (20.5g; 70 %; HPLC purity of 98 %). LCMS M+l = 575. 1H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ (ppm) 1.10 (t, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 3.65 (m, IH), 4.00 (q, 2H), 6.35 (s, IH), 6.60 (s, IH), 6.90 (m, IH), 7.18 (d, 2H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 7.70 (d, IH), 7.85 (m, 3H).

PATENT

WO 2011056916

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011056916A1?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2010065333

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2010065333A1?cl=en

CLIP,……..PL CHECK ERROR

CONFUSION ON CODES, CLEAR PIC BELOW……LINK
Description of Telotristat Etiprate
Telotristat etiprate is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl.
Telotristat ethyl, also known as LX1032, has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:
Chemical name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate
CAS Registry number: 1033805-22-9
Chemical structure:
Telotristat etiprate, also known as LX1606, is the hippurate salt of telotristat ethyl, and has the chemical name, CAS identifier, and chemical structure shown below:
Chemical Name: (S)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate 2-benzamidoacetate
CAS Registry number: 1137608-69-5
Chemical Structure:
Description of LX1033
Telotristat, also known as LX1033, has the chemical name, CAS identifier and chemical structure shown below:
Chemical Name: (S)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((R)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid
CAS Registry number: 1033805-28-5
Chemical Structure:

REFERENCES

Kulke, M.H.; Hoersch, D.; Caplin, M.E.; et al.
Telotristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome
J Clin Oncol 2017, 35(1): 14

WO2010056992A1 * Nov 13, 2009 May 20, 2010 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Methods of preventing and treating low bone mass diseases
US7709493 May 20, 2009 May 4, 2010 Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 4-phenyl-6-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethoxy)pyrimidine-based compounds and methods of their use
US20090088447 * Sep 25, 2008 Apr 2, 2009 Bednarz Mark S Solid forms of (s)-ethyl 2-amino-3-(4-(2-amino-6-((r)-1-(4-chloro-2-(3-methyl-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-pyrimidin-4-yl)phenyl)propanoate and methods of their use
Citing Patent Filing date Publication date Applicant Title
US9199994 Sep 5, 2014 Dec 1, 2015 Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors
US9512122 Sep 1, 2015 Dec 6, 2016 Karos Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Spirocyclic compounds as tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors

///////////telotristat ethyl, fast track designation,priority review,orphan drug designation, Xermelo ,  Woodlands, Texas-based,  Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc, fda 2017, LX 1606, LX 1032

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)Cc1ccc(cc1)c2cc(nc(N)n2)O[C@H](c3ccc(Cl)cc3n4ccc(C)n4)C(F)(F)F

O=C(OCC)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(C2=NC(N)=NC(O[C@H](C3=CC=C(Cl)C=C3N4N=C(C)C=C4)C(F)(F)F)=C2)C=C1.O=C(O)CNC(C5=CC=CC=C5)=O


Filed under: 0rphan drug status, FAST TRACK FDA, FDA 2017, Priority review, Uncategorized Tagged: Fast Track Designation, FDA 2017, Inc., Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, LX 1032, LX 1606, Orphan Drug Designation, Priority review, telotristat ethyl, Texas-based, Woodlands, Xermelo

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FDA approves Odactra for house dust mite allergies

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Image result for fda approved
03/01/2017
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Odactra, the first allergen extract to be administered under the tongue (sublingually) to treat house dust mite (HDM)-induced nasal inflammation (allergic rhinitis), with or without eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), in people 18 through 65 years of age.

March 1, 2017

Release

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Odactra, the first allergen extract to be administered under the tongue (sublingually) to treat house dust mite (HDM)-induced nasal inflammation (allergic rhinitis), with or without eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), in people 18 through 65 years of age.

“House dust mite allergic disease can negatively impact a person’s quality of life,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. “The approval of Odactra provides patients an alternative treatment to allergy shots to help address their symptoms.”

House dust mite allergies are a reaction to tiny bugs that are commonly found in house dust. Dust mites, close relatives of ticks and spiders, are too small to be seen without a microscope. They are found in bedding, upholstered furniture and carpeting. Individuals with house dust mite allergies may experience a cough, runny nose, nasal itching, nasal congestion, sneezing, and itchy and watery eyes.

Odactra exposes patients to house dust mite allergens, gradually training the immune system in order to reduce the frequency and severity of nasal and eye allergy symptoms. It is a once-daily tablet, taken year round, that rapidly dissolves after it is placed under the tongue. The first dose is taken under the supervision of a health care professional with experience in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases. The patient is to be observed for at least 30 minutes for potential adverse reactions. Provided the first dose is well tolerated, patients can then take Odactra at home. It can take about eight to 14 weeks of daily dosing after initiation of Odactra for the patient to begin to experience a noticeable benefit.

The safety and efficacy of Odactra was evaluated in studies conducted in the United States, Canada and Europe, involving approximately 2,500 people. Some participants received Odactra, while others received a placebo pill. Participants reported their symptoms and the need to use symptom-relieving allergy medications. During treatment, participants taking Odactra experienced a 16 to 18 percent reduction in symptoms and the need for additional medications compared to those who received a placebo.

The most commonly reported adverse reactions were nausea, itching in the ears and mouth, and swelling of the lips and tongue. The prescribing information includes a boxed warning that severe allergic reactions, some of which can be life-threatening, can occur. As with other FDA-approved allergen extracts administered sublingually, patients receiving Odactra should be prescribed auto-injectable epinephrine. Odactra also has a Medication Guide for distribution to the patient.

Odactra is manufactured for Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp., (a subsidiary of Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J.) by Catalent Pharma Solutions Limited, United Kingdom.

(sublingually) to treat house dust mite (HDM)-induced nasal inflammation (allergic rhinitis), with or without eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), in people 18 through 65 years of age

/////////////Odactra,  Merck, Sharp & Dohme Corp,  Catalent Pharma Solutions Limited, United Kingdom, FDA 2017, approves,  house dust mite allergies


Filed under: FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: Approves, Catalent Pharma Solutions Limited, FDA 2017, house dust mite allergies, MERCK, Odactra, Sharp & Dohme Corp, United Kingdom

Oxymetazoline, оксиметазолин , أوكسيميتازولين , 羟甲唑啉

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Oxymetazoline.svg

Oxymetazoline

1491-59-4   CAS NUMBER

  • Molecular FormulaC16H24N2O
  • Average mass260.375 Da
Phenol, 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethyl-
оксиметазолин
أوكسيميتازولين
羟甲唑啉

Oxymetazoline is a selective α1 adrenergic receptor agonist and α2 adrenergic receptorpartial agonist. It is a topical decongestant, used in the form of oxymetazoline hydrochloride. It was developed from xylometazoline at E. Merck Darmstadt by Fruhstorfer in 1961.[1]Oxymetazoline is generally available as a nasal spray.

Oxymetazoline HCl; CAS 2315-02-8

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride is a vasoconstrictor. Chemically it is 3-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]6-(1,1,-dimethylethyl)-2,4-dimethylphenolmono-hydrochloride. Its molecular weight is 296.8 for the hydrochloride salt and 260.4 for the free base. It is freely soluble in water and ethanol and has a partition coefficient of 0.1 in octanol/water. Its structural formula is:

 

Oxymetazoline hydrochloride - Structural Formula Illustration

 

Medical uses

Oxymetazoline is available over-the-counter as a topical decongestant in the form of oxymetazoline hydrochloride in nasal sprays such as Afrin, Operil, Dristan, Dimetapp, oxyspray, Facimin, Nasivin, Nostrilla, Sudafed OM, Vicks Sinex, Zicam, SinuFrin, and Mucinex Full Force.[2]

Due to its vasoconstricting properties, oxymetazoline is also used to treat nose bleeds[3][4]and eye redness due to minor irritation (marketed as Visine L.R. in the form of eye drops).[5]

Company:

Allergan

Approval Status:

Approved January 2017

Specific Treatments:

facial erythema associated with rosacea

Therapeutic Areas

Dermatology

Find Related Trials for The Following Conditions

Rosacea

General Information

Rhofade (oxymetazoline hydrochloride) is an alpha1A adrenoceptor agonist. Oxymetazoline acts as a vasoconstrictor.

Rhofade is spccifically indicated for the topical treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea in adults.

Rhofade is supplied as a cream for topical administration. Apply a pea-sized amount of Rhofade cream, once daily in a thin layer to cover the entire face (forehead, nose, each cheek, and chin) avoiding the eyes and lips. Wash hands immediately after applying Rhofade cream.

Image result for oxymetazoline hydrochloride uses

Side effects and special considerations

Rebound congestion

It is recommended that oxymetazoline not be used for more than three days, as rebound congestion, or rhinitis medicamentosa, may occur.[6] Patients who continue to use oxymetazoline beyond this point may become dependent on the medication to relieve their chronic congestion.

Effects of benzalkonium chloride

Some studies have found that benzalkonium chloride, a common additive to oxymetazoline nasal sprays, may damage nasal epithelia and exacerbate rhinitis medicamentosa. However, the majority of studies find benzalkonium chloride to be a safe preservative.[7]

Use in pregnancy

The Food and Drug Administration places oxymetazoline in category C, indicating risk to the fetus cannot be ruled out. While it has been shown that a single dose does not significantly alter either maternal or fetal circulation,[8] this subject has not been studied extensively enough to draw reliable conclusions.

Overdose

If accidentally ingested, standard methods to remove unabsorbed drugs should be considered.[clarification needed] There is no specific antidote for oxymetazoline, although its pharmacological effects may be reversed by α adrenergic antagonists such as phentolamine. In the event of a possibly life-threatening overdose (such as a hypertensive crisis), benzodiazepines should be considered to decrease the likelihood of seizures and convulsions, as well as reduce anxiety and to lower blood pressure. In children, oxymetazoline may produce profound central nervous system depression due to stimulation of central α2receptors and imidazoline receptors, much like clonidine.

Pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Oxymetazoline is a sympathomimetic that selectively agonizes α1 and, partially, α2 adrenergic receptors.[9] Since vascular beds widely express α1 receptors, the action of oxymetazoline results in vasoconstriction. In addition, the local application of the drug also results in vasoconstriction due to its action on endothelial postsynaptic α2 receptors; systemic application of α2 agonists, in contrast, causes vasodilation because of centrally-mediated inhibition of sympathetic tone via presynaptic α2 receptors.[10] Vasoconstriction of vessels results in relief of nasal congestion in two ways: first, it increases the diameter of the airway lumen; second, it reduces fluid exudation from postcapillary venules.[11] It can reduce nasal airway resistance (NAR) up to 35.7% and nasal mucosal blood flow up to 50%.[12]

Pharmacokinetics

Imidazolines are sympathomimetic agents, with primary effects on α adrenergic receptors and little if any effect on β adrenergic receptors. Oxymetazoline is readily absorbed orally. Effects on α receptors from systemically absorbed oxymetazoline hydrochloride may persist for up to 7 hours after a single dose. The elimination half-life in humans is 5–8 hours. It is excreted unchanged both by the kidneys (30%) and in feces (10%).

History

The oxymetazoline brand Afrin was first sold as a prescription medication in 1966. After finding substantial early success as a prescription medication, it became available as an over-the-counter drug in 1975. Schering-Plough did not engage in heavy advertising until 1986.[13]From the late 1980s to mid 1990s, Afrin featured in many notable television advertisements. Some of these commercials showed men, women, and children using other brands of nasal sprays, and then standing upside down or hanging upside down from playground equipment to prevent their nasal spray from dripping out. This was juxtaposed with Afrin users having no problems.

Society and culture

Brand names

Brand names include Afrin, Dristan, Nasivin, Nezeril, Nostrilla, Logicin, Vicks Sinex, Visine L.R., Sudafed OM, Zicam, SinuFrin and Mucinex Sinus-Max.

Image result for oxymetazoline SYNTHESIS

 

Image result for oxymetazoline hydrochloride

References

  1. Jump up^ German Patent 1,117,588
  2. Jump up^ “Oxymetazoline: Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp: Merck Manual Professional”. Merck.com. Retrieved 2013-04-15.
  3. Jump up^ Katz, Robert I.; Hovagim, Alec R.; Finkelstein, Harvey S.; Grinberg, Yair; Boccio, Remigio V.; Poppers, Paul J. (1990). “A comparison of cocaine, lidocaine with epinephrine, and oxymetazoline for prevention of epistaxis on nasotracheal intubation”. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2 (1): 16–20. doi:10.1016/0952-8180(90)90043-3. PMID 2310576.
  4. Jump up^ Krempl, G. A.; Noorily, A. D. (1995). “Use of oxymetazoline in the management of epistaxis”. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 104 (9 Pt 1): 704–6.PMID 7661519.
  5. Jump up^ “VISINE® Original Red Eye Drops | VISINE® products”. Visine.com. Retrieved2013-04-15.
  6. Jump up^ Ramey, J. T.; Bailen, E; Lockey, R. F. (2006). “Rhinitis medicamentosa”. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology. 16 (3): 148–55. PMID 16784007.
  7. Jump up^ Marple, B; Roland, P; Benninger, M (2004). “Safety review of benzalkonium chloride used as a preservative in intranasal solutions: An overview of conflicting data and opinions”. Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery. 130 (1): 131–41.doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.07.005. PMID 14726922.
  8. Jump up^ Rayburn, W. F.; Anderson, J. C.; Smith, C. V.; Appel, L. L.; Davis, S. A. (1990).“Uterine and fetal Doppler flow changes from a single dose of a long-acting intranasal decongestant”. Obstetrics and gynecology. 76 (2): 180–2. PMID 2196495.
  9. Jump up^ Westfall Thomas C, Westfall David P, “Chapter 6. Neurotransmission: The Autonomic and Somatic Motor Nervous Systems” (Chapter). Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL: Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11e: http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=954433.
  10. Jump up^ Biaggioni Italo, Robertson David, “Chapter 9. Adrenoceptor Agonists & Sympathomimetic Drugs” (Chapter). Katzung BG: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 11e: http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=4520412.
  11. Jump up^ Widdicombe, John (1997). “Microvascular anatomy of the nose”. Allergy. 52 (40 Suppl): 7–11. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb04877.x. PMID 9353554.
  12. Jump up^ Bende, M.; Löth, S. (2007). “Vascular effects of topical oxymetazoline on human nasal mucosa”. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 100 (3): 285–8.doi:10.1017/S0022215100099151. PMID 3950497.
  13. Jump up^ Dougherty, Phillip H. (20 October 1986). “Advertising; Afrin Goes After Users Of Nasal Decongestants”. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2015-03-30.
Oxymetazoline
Oxymetazoline.svg
Clinical data
Trade names Afrin, Ocuclear, Drixine
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
Pregnancy
category
  • C
Dependence
liability
Moderate
Routes of
administration
Intranasal
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism Kidney (30%), fecal (10%)
Biological half-life 5–6 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.014.618
Chemical and physical data
Formula C16H24N2O
Molar mass 260.375 g·mol−1
3D model (Jmol)
Melting point 301.5 °C (574.7 °F)

/////////Oxymetazoline, оксиметазолин , أوكسيميتازولين , 羟甲唑啉 , Rhofade, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, alpha1A adrenoceptor agonist, vasoconstrictor

CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1CC2=NCCN2)C)O)C(C)(C)C.Cl


Filed under: FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: alpha1A adrenoceptor agonist, 羟甲唑啉, оксиметазолин, Oxymetazoline, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, Rhofade, vasoconstrictor, أوكسيميتازولين

Ramizol

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str1

1,3,5-Tris[(1E)-2′-(4′′-benzoic acid)vinyl]benzene] (Ramizol™)

TSB-007

CAS 1292817-44-7
MF C33 H24 O6
MW 516.54
Benzoic acid, 4,4′,4”-[1,3,5-benzenetriyltri-(1E)-2,1-ethenediyl]tris-
4,4′,4”-[1,3,5-Benzenetriyltri-(1E)-2,1-ethenediyl]tris[benzoic acid]
University of Western Australia (UWA) (Originator)

UWAM0277 UWA Logo V2

1,3,5-Tris[(1E)-2′-(4′′-benzoic acid)vinyl]benzene] (Ramizol™) is a potent and non-toxic synthetic antimicrobial agent, and we now establish that it is also a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with similar antioxidant activity to α-tocopherol (Vitamin E), which is a standard antioxidantdrug.

Ramizol, useful for treating bacterial infections such as Gram positive bacterial infection. Boulos & Cooper Pharmaceuticals could be seen to have ramizol in preclinical development for treating Clostridium difficile associated diseases.  preparation of ramizol that was first described by the inventor Dr Ramiz Boulos, one of the company’s founding directors and CEO, in WO2011075766 as TSB-007 (claim 3, page 71) – said family of patenting having been originally assigned to the University of Western Australia and from whom Dr Boulos is reported to have acquired the rights to said intellectual property in late 2012 (ramizol having seemingly been previously being developed by the University with the name NAL-135B for treating Gram positive bacterial infections).

Image result for Ramiz Boulos

Professor Ramiz Boulos with a vial of Ramizol

A scientific paper released today in the Journal of Antibiotics presents the pre-clinical development of Ramizol®, a first generation drug belonging to a new class of styrylbenzene antibiotics with a novel mechanism of action.

The research was undertaken by Australian company Boulos & Cooper Pharmaceuticals in partnership with the University of South Australia, Flinders University, Eurofins Panlabs and Micromyx LLC. The study found that over 99.9% of the drug, administered orally, stays in the gastrointestinal tract where it can reach the bacteria in the colon at high enough concentrations to yield a therapeutic effect.

Chief Executive Officer of Boulos & Cooper Pharmaceuticals, Dr Ramiz Boulos, said “this new class of antibiotics has antioxidant properties and can be manufactured for a low cost; benefits that will be felt by the end-user”.

The new antibiotic has low frequency of resistance and shows promise as a monotherapy for the treatment of Clostridium difficile associated disease. Dr Boulos stated “we are very excited about these results given the unforgiving nature of Clostridium difficile infections”. He added “In a world where there are few treatment options, we are desperate for new antibiotics to fight intractable infections”.

The company expects to start Phase I clinical trials in 2017.

Image result for ramizol

 

str1

1,3,5-Tris[(1E)-20 -(400-benzoic acid)vinyl]benzene……………….recrystallised from THF/H2O and dried to give the triacid as a pale brown powder.

1 H NMR (500.1 MHz, d6-DMSO): d 7.49 (m, 6H, vinyl CH), 7.76 (d, J 8.5, 6H, ArH), 7.88 (s, 3H, core ArH), 7.98 (d, J 8.5, 6H, ArH);

13C NMR (125.8 MHz, d6-DMSO): d [ppm] 125.0, 126.5, 128.4, 129.7, 129.9, 130.50, 137.6, 141.3, 167.1;

IR (KBr): n [cm1 ] 3067, 3026, 1684 (nC¼O), 1604, 1566, 1420, 1384, 1312, 1286, 1179;

HR-EIþ-MS: C33H24O6 requires 516.1573 amu, found 516.1564;

EIþ-MS: MI ¼ C33H24O6; m/z: 516.1 (100%) ¼ MIþ, 472.1 (11.3%) ¼ [MI CO2] þ.

The Synthesis of Fluorescent DNA Intercalator Precursors through Efficient Multiple Heck Reactions

Nigel A. Lengkeek A , Ramiz A. Boulos A , Allan J. McKinley A , Thomas V. Riley C , Boris Martinac B and Scott G. Stewart A D

A M313, Chemistry, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.

B Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Lowy Packer Building, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.

C M502, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.

D Corresponding author. Email: sgs@cyllene.uwa.edu.au

Australian Journal of Chemistry 64(3) 316-323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH10374

PATENT

 WO 2011075766

PATENT

WO-2017027933

Compounds with antimicrobial properties have attracted great interest in recent times as a result of an increase in the prevalence of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, resulting in serious or fatal diseases. Furthermore, the regular use of broad spectrum antibiotic formulas has led to the increased occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to some antimicrobial formulations.

Novel antimicrobial compounds have the potential to be highly effective against these types of treatment-resistant bacteria. The pathogens, having not previously been exposed to the antimicrobial formulation, may have little to no resistance to the treatment.

International patent application WO 2012/075766 describes a series of novel aryl compounds and their use as antimicrobials to treat bacterial infections or diseases. The chemical synthesis of a therapeutic drug has a direct effect on its cost, dosing regimens and popularity. Drugs with complicated or expensive chemical synthesis will find it challenging to reach the market, notwithstanding their efficacy. Further, syntheses amenable to application at commercial scales are highly advantageous. The development of an efficient and large-scale synthesis of a therapeutic drug is critical for its drug developmental pathway, and highly commercially advantageous.

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

REFERENCES

N. A. Lengkeek, R. A. Boulos, A. J. McKinley, T. V. Riley, B. Martinac and S. G. Stewart, Aust. J. Chem., 2011, 64, 316–323

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2013/ra/c3ra40658j#cit11

/////////////Ramizol, PHASE 1, TSB-007

OC(=O)c4ccc(/C=C/c3cc(/C=C/c1ccc(cc1)C(=O)O)cc(/C=C/c2ccc(cc2)C(=O)O)c3)cc4


Filed under: PHASE 1, PHASE1, Uncategorized Tagged: PHASE 1, Ramizol, TSB-007

FDA approves first treatment Noctiva (desmopressin acetate) nasal spray for frequent urination at night due to overproduction of urine

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03/03/2017
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Noctiva (desmopressin acetate) nasal spray for adults who awaken at least two times per night to urinate due to a condition known as nocturnal polyuria (overproduction of urine during the night). Noctiva is the first FDA-approved treatment for this condition.

For Immediate Release

March 3, 2017

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Noctiva (desmopressin acetate) nasal spray for adults who awaken at least two times per night to urinate due to a condition known as nocturnal polyuria (overproduction of urine during the night). Noctiva is the first FDA-approved treatment for this condition.

“Today’s approval provides adults who overproduce urine at night with the first FDA-approved therapeutic option to help reduce the number of times a night they wake up to urinate,” said Hylton V. Joffe, M.D., M.M.Sc., director of the Division of Bone, Reproductive, and Urologic Products in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “It is important to know that Noctiva is not approved for all causes of night-time urination, so patients should discuss their symptoms with their health care provider who can determine the underlying cause of the night-time urination and whether Noctiva is right for them.”

Nocturia (wakening at night to urinate) is a symptom that can be caused by a wide variety of conditions, such as congestive heart failure, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, medications, or diseases of the bladder or prostate. Before considering Noctiva, health care providers should evaluate each patient for possible causes for the nocturia, and optimize the treatment of underlying conditions that may be contributing to the night-time urination. Because Noctiva is approved only for adults with nocturia caused by nocturnal polyuria, health care providers should confirm overproduction of urine at night with a 24-hour urine collection, if one has not been obtained previously. Health care providers should also be mindful of underlying conditions that can cause nocturia, but that make treatment with Noctiva unsafe, such as excessive drinking of fluids or symptomatic congestive heart failure.

Noctiva is taken daily, approximately 30 minutes before going to bed. It works by increasing the absorption of water through the kidneys, which leads to less urine production.

Noctiva’s efficacy was established in two 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in 1,045 patients 50 years of age and older with nocturia due to nocturnal polyuria. Although these trials showed a small reduction in the average number of night-time urinations with Noctiva compared to placebo, more patients treated with Noctiva were able to at least halve their number of night-time urinations, and patients treated with Noctiva had more nights with one or fewer night-time urinations.

Noctiva is being approved with a boxed warning and a Medication Guide because it can cause low sodium levels in the blood (hyponatremia). Severe hyponatremia can be life-threatening if it is not promptly diagnosed and treated, leading to seizures, coma, respiratory arrest or death. Health care providers should make sure the patient’s sodium level is normal before starting Noctiva, and should check sodium levels within one week and approximately one month after starting treatment and periodically thereafter. The lower Noctiva dose is recommended as the starting dose for those who may be at risk for hyponatremia, such as the elderly. Noctiva should not be used in patients at increased risk of severe hyponatremia, such as those with excessive fluid intake, those who have illnesses that can cause fluid or electrolyte imbalances, certain patients with kidney damage, and in those using certain medicines, known as loop diuretics or glucocorticoids.

Noctiva should also not be used in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure or uncontrolled hypertension because fluid retention can worsen these underlying conditions. Use of Noctiva should be discontinued temporarily in patients with certain nasal conditions such as colds or allergies until those conditions have resolved.

Noctiva is also not recommended for the treatment of nocturia in pregnant women. Nocturia is usually related to normal changes in pregnancy that do not require treatment with Noctiva. Noctiva should not be used in children.

The most common side effects of Noctiva in clinical trials included nasal discomfort, cold symptoms (nasopharyngitis), nasal congestion, sneezing, high or increased blood pressure, back pain, nose bleeds, bronchitis and dizziness.

Although there are other FDA-approved medications that also contain desmopressin, none of those medications are approved to treat nocturia.

Noctiva is marketed by Milford, Pennsylvania-based Renaissance Lakewood, LLC for Serenity Pharmaceuticals, LLC.

Desmopressin Acetate
Click to View Image

C48H68N14O14S2 C48H68N14O14S2·xH2O
(anhydrous) 1129.27[62288-83-9].

Vasopressin, 1-(3-mercaptopropanoic acid)-8-D-arginine-, monoacetate (salt).
1-(3-Mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine-vasopressin monoacetate (salt).
Trihydrate 1183.31 [62357-86-2].
» Desmopressin Acetate is a synthetic octapeptide hormone having the property of antidiuresis. It is a synthetic analog of vasopressin.
 Image result for desmopressin acetate
1,2-Dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloeicosane,cyclic peptide deriv.; 1-(3-Mercaptopropionic acid)-8-D-arginine vasopressinmonoacetate; Desmopressin acetate; Minirine; Octostim; Stimate
IUPAC Name: acetic acid;N-[1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-
oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[4-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-10-benzyl-13-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxo-18,19-dithia-2,5,8,11,14-pentazacycloicosane-1-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide;
Synonyms: 3-MERCAPTOPROPIONYL-TYR-PHE-GLN-ASN-CYS-PRO-D-ARG-GLY-NH2 ACETATE SALT;DDAVP ACETATE;[DEAMINO-CYS1,D-ARG8]-VASOPRESSIN ACETATE SALT;DESMOPRESSIN MONOACETATE;DESMORESSIN ACETATE;Mpr-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-D-Arg-Gly-NH2(S-S:1-5);DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE;DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE SALT;
The Molecular formula of Desmopressin Acetate(62288-83-9): C48H68N14O14S2
The Molecular Weight of Desmopressin Acetate(62288-83-9): 1129.27
Desmopressin acetate biologic depiction
Image result for desmopressin acetate
1 to 1 of 1
Patent ID Patent Title Submitted Date Granted Date
US8765152 Pharmaceutical or neutraceutical formulation 2010-02-25 2014-07-01
////fda 2017, Noctiva, desmopressin acetate, nasal spray
CC(=O)O.C1CC(N(C1)C(=O)C2CSSCCC(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(C(=O)N2)CC(=O)N)CCC(=O)N)CC3=CC=CC=C3)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)NC(CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N

Filed under: FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: desmopressin acetate, FDA 2017, nasal spray, Noctiva, urination

TROXACITABINE троксацитабин , تروكساسيتابين , 曲沙他滨 ,

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Troxacitabine.svg

Troxacitabine

CAS 145918-75-8

  • Molecular FormulaC8H11N3O4
  • Average mass213.191 Da
троксацитабин
تروكساسيتابين
曲沙他滨
2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1-[(2S,4S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]-

Hmd-cytosine; NCGC00183848-01; Beta-L-Dioxolane-cytidine; 4-amino-1-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]pyrimidin-2-one; 2R(-)-cis-Hmd-cytosine, (-)-ODDC

Troxacitabine.pngChemSpider 2D Image | Troxacitabine | C8H11N3O4

4-amino-1-[(2S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]pyrimidin-2-one

Troxacitabine (brand name Troxatyl) is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. Its use is being studied in patients with refractory lymphoproliferative diseases.[1]

Troxacitabine (brand name Troxatyl) is a nucleoside analogue with anticancer activity. Its use is being studied in patients with refractory lymphoproliferative diseases.

Investigated for use/treatment in leukemia (myeloid).

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/WO1992018517A1?cl=en

WO 9218517

Inventors Yung-Chi Cheng, Chung K. Chu, Hea O. Kim, Kirupathevy Shanmuganathan
Applicant Yale University, The University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc.

SYNTHESIS

WO 2016030335

PATENT

WO 2016030335

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2016030335&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

PATENT

WO-2017031994

MACHINE TRANSLATED FROM CHINESE, BEAWARE OF FUNNY NAMES

Qu sand gemcitabine (4-amino -1 – [(2S, 4S) -2- ( hydroxymethyl) -1,3-dioxolan-4-yl] pyrimidin-2-one, Troxacitabine, Troxatyl (TM) ) Is an anti-tumor cytidine analogue developed by Yale University. In a multi-year Phase I / II clinical study in the United States, tacitabine was administered alone or mixed with other chemotherapeutic agents in a variety of dosage regimens, treating more than 825 patients with multiple solid tumors or blood Malignant tumor patients. In particular, tricatadine has the ability to inhibit the growth of hepatitis B virus and anti-hepatoma cells.
Chinese Patent Application No. 201310275643.2 discloses a method for the synthesis of tricatadine, which uses a L-menthol ester of dihydroxyacetic acid as a raw material and undergoes condensation reaction with hydroxyacetaldehyde, and then the hydroxyl group is halogenated to obtain a halide , The halide is coupled with cytosine to obtain the coupling, and the conjugate is reduced to obtain tricatadine. However, the present inventors have found that the method requires a four-step reaction, such as condensation, halogenation, coupling and reduction, which is required to be carried out in different reaction systems. The steps are long and cumbersome, and in particular, the intermediate product is required to be separated and replaced Containers, and not suitable for amplification, it is not suitable for industrial production.
the present invention provides a process for the synthesis of a compound of formula III, wherein the synthesis reaction formula is as follows:
Example 1 Synthesis of tricatadine
The synthetic route is as follows:
Step 1: Preparation of Formula II
18.0 g of methylene chloride was added to the reaction kettle, and the mixture of the formula I was homogeneously added. After the temperature was lowered to 0 ± 3 ° C under the protection of nitrogen, 1.5 g of trimethyl iodosilane was slowly added; (V / v), and R f = 0.5 at the point of disappearance). The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere for 2.5 ± 0.5 hours until the reaction was complete (sampling TLC test: developing solvent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 4: 1 (v / v) Subsequently, the temperature of the autoclave was kept at 0 ± 3 ° C, and 3.64 g of hexamethyldisilazane and 1.15 g of N 4 -acetyl cytosine were slowly added dropwise . After the completion of the addition, the temperature of the control kettle was 0 ± 3 ℃, and the reaction was carried out under the protection of nitrogen for 3.5 ± 0.5 hours until the reaction was complete (sampling TLC test: developing agent: petroleum ether: ethyl acetate = 4: 1 (v / v), R F = 0.2 points disappear).
Then, the temperature was maintained at 22 ± 3 ° C, and 10 %% (w / w) aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution was slowly added dropwise. After adding 5 g of aqueous sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.5 g of diatomaceous earth was added, hour. Filter, filter cake washed with methylene chloride 3 times, filter cake collection stand-by. The filtrate and the washing liquid were combined into the kettle, the aqueous phase and the organic phase were separated. The organic phase was washed once with 11.3 g of saturated brine. The organic phase was separated and dried overnight with anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the water. Remove the sodium sulfate solid, the filtrate into the rotary evaporator, steaming temperature does not exceed 45 ℃, until the end of distillation. The residue obtained by steaming was transferred to a reaction vessel, 11.2 g of acetone and 18.5 g of isopropyl acetate were added, and the mixture was heated to reflux (68 ± 3 ° C) and stirred for 1 hour. Within 2.5 ± 0.5 hours, slowly cool down until the kettle temperature is 22 ± 3 ° C. The filter was filtered in a vacuum oven at about 40 ° C and dried overnight under vacuum to give a white solid (formula II).
The diatomaceous earth cake obtained by the above-mentioned filtration was transferred to a reaction vessel, heated to 27 ± 3 ° C, 18.0 g of methylene chloride was added, and the mixture was stirred and stirred for 2 hours. The filtrate was filtered and the filtrate was transferred to a rotary evaporator. The steaming temperature did not exceed 45 ° C until the distillation was completed. The crude solid obtained by steaming (the crude product of formula II) and the white solid used in the previous step were combined and transferred to a reaction kettle, and an isopropyl acetate: acetone = 3: 2 (v / v) mixed solvent was added (1 g of crude (13.3 g of isopropyl acetate + 7.9 g of acetone) was added and heated to reflux (68 ± 3 ° C), and the mixture was stirred for 1 hour. In 2.5 ± 0.5 hours, slow down to the kettle temperature of 22 ± 3 ℃. Quickly filter the filter cake with cold acetone 1.5g once. The filter cake was placed in a vacuum oven at about 40 ° C and dried overnight under vacuum to give the formula II.
Step 2: Preparation and purification of formula III
Take the type II boutique 1g added to the four bottles, add methanol 5.0g, stir the solid dispersed evenly. And 0.045 g of sodium methoxide was weighed, and the mixture was added to 0.135 g of methanol and stirred to dissolve sodium methoxide. The methanol solution of sodium methoxide was added dropwise to a four-necked flask. The incubation was carried out at 22.5 ± 2.5 ° C for 1 hour until the reaction was complete (sampling TLC: developing solvent: dichloromethane: methanol = 4: 1 (v / v) and R f = 0.8).
After completion of the reaction, the pH of the system was adjusted to 6.5 ± 0.5 with ice acetic acid under ice bath. And then adding 200-300 mesh silica gel (available from Qingdao Ocean Chemical Plant) 10 g of sand, filling the column, the column chromatography, which was dichloromethane: methanol = 4: 1 (v / V), collecting the fraction containing tricatropa, and steaming to dryness. The steamed solid was transferred to a three-necked flask, 3.0 g of absolute ethanol was added, and the mixture was uniformly dispersed (suspended) and heated to 78 ± 2 ° C for 0.5 hour. After completion of the reflux, slowly (2.5 ± 0.5 hours) was cooled to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. Continue to cool down to 2.5 ± 2.5 ℃, at this temperature holding 4.5 ± 0.5 hours. Filter, filter cake with 1.0g cold ethanol washing once, thoroughly filter, the filtrate abandoned. The filter cake was transferred to a vacuum oven and dried at 38 ± 2 ° C until constant weight to obtain a purity of the formula III.
The above method can be equal to the proportion of stable amplification, for example, can be directly amplified about 60 to 180 times, that is, I feed 61.7g ~ 185.97g (other reactants equal ratio increase), after amplification of the final product (formula III) HPLC detection purity To 99.3% ~ 99.8%, the yield of 65 ~ 85%, fully meet the tricatitabine medicinal industrial needs.

PATENT

CN 104861067

PATENT

CN 105503838

PAPER

In vitro optimization of non-small cell lung cancer activity with troxacitabine, L-1,3-dioxolane-cytidine, prodrugs
Journal of medicinal chemistry (2007), 50, (9), 2249-53.

J. Med. Chem., 2007, 50 (9), pp 2249–2253
DOI: 10.1021/jm0612923

Abstract Image

l-1,3-Dioxolane-cytidine, a potent anticancer agent against leukemia, has limited efficacy against solid tumors, perhaps due to its hydrophilicity. Herein, a library of prodrugs were synthesized to optimize in vitro antitumor activity against non-small cell lung cancer. N4-Substituted fatty acid amide prodrugs of 10−16 carbon chain length demonstrated significantly improved antitumor activity over l-1,3-dioxolane-cytidine. These in vitro results suggest that the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of l-1,3-dioxolane-cytidine against solid tumors may be improved with prodrug strategies.

PAPER

  • Kim, Hea O.; Schinazi, Raymond F.; Shanmuganathan, Kirupathevy; Jeong, Lak S.; Beach, J. Warren; Nampalli, Satyanarayana; Cannon, Deborah L.; Chu, Chung K.
  • From Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (1993), 36(5), 519-28.

PAPER

  • Jin, Haolun; Tse, Allan Tse; Evans, Colleen A.; Mansour, Tarek S.; Beels, Christopher M.; Ravenscroft, Paul; Humber, David C.; Jones, Martin F.; Payne, Jeremy J.; Ramsay, Michael V. J.
  • From Tetrahedron:  Asymmetry (1993), 4(2), 211-14

PAPER

  • Belleau, Bernard R.; Evans, Colleen A.; Tse, H. L. Allan; Jin, Haolun; Dixit, Dilip M.; Mansour, Tarek S.
  • From Tetrahedron Letters (1992), 33(46), 6949-52.

PAPER

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jm00089a007

J. Med. Chem. 1992,35,1987-1995 Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxolane-Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Their Anti-HIV Activity

Image result for TROXACITABINEReferences

  1. Jump up^ Vose, Julie M.; Panwalkar, Amit; Belanger, Robert; Coiffier, Bertrand; Baccarani, Michele; Gregory, Stephanie A.; Facon, Thierry; Fanin, Renato; Caballero, Dolores; Ben-Yehuda, Dina; Giles, Francis (2007). “A phase II multicenter study of troxacitabine in relapsed or refractory lymphoproliferative neoplasms or multiple myeloma”. Leukemia & Lymphoma. 48 (1): 39–45. doi:10.1080/10428190600909578.
  1. Lee CK, Rowinsky EK, Li J, Giles F, Moore MJ, Hidalgo M, Capparelli E, Jolivet J, Baker SD: Population pharmacokinetics of troxacitabine, a novel dioxolane nucleoside analogue. Clin Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 1;12(7 Pt 1):2158-65. [PubMed:16609029 ]
  2. Quintas-Cardama A, Cortes J: Evaluation of the L-stereoisomeric nucleoside analog troxacitabine for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007 Apr;16(4):547-57. [PubMed:17371201 ]
  3. Swords R, Giles F: Troxacitabine in acute leukemia. Hematology. 2007 Jun;12(3):219-27. [PubMed:17558697 ]
  4. Orsolic N, Giles FJ, Gourdeau H, Golemovic M, Beran M, Cortes J, Freireich EJ, Kantarjian H, Verstovsek S: Troxacitabine and imatinib mesylate combination therapy of chronic myeloid leukaemia: preclinical evaluation. Br J Haematol. 2004 Mar;124(6):727-38. [PubMed:15009060 ]
  5. Boivin AJ, Gourdeau H, Momparler RL: Action of troxacitabine on cells transduced with human cytidine deaminase cDNA. Cancer Invest. 2004;22(1):25-9. [PubMed:15069761 ]
  6. Kim TE, Park SY, Hsu CH, Dutschman GE, Cheng YC: Synergistic antitumor activity of troxacitabine and camptothecin in selected human cancer cell lines. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;66(2):285-92. [PubMed:15266019 ]
1 to 3 of 3
Patent ID Patent Title Submitted Date Granted Date
US2013011392 METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE ABILITY OF A PATIENT TO RESPOND TO OR BE SAFELY TREATED BY A NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG BASED-CHEMOTHERAPY 2010-11-19 2013-01-10
US7927613 Pharmaceutical co-crystal compositions 2003-09-11 2011-04-19
US7790905 Pharmaceutical propylene glycol solvate compositions 2003-12-29 2010-09-07
Troxacitabine
Troxacitabine.svg
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
Formula C8H11N3O4
Molar mass 213.19 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)

//////////////TROXACITABINE, троксацитабин , تروكساسيتابين , 曲沙他滨 , Hmd-cytosineM,  NCGC00183848-01, Beta-L-Dioxolane-cytidine,   2R(-)-cis-Hmd-cytosine, (-)-ODDC


Filed under: Uncategorized Tagged: (-)-ODDC, 2R(-)-cis-Hmd-cytosine, Beta-L-Dioxolane-cytidine, Hmd-cytosineM, NCGC00183848-01, троксацитабин, TROXACITABINE, 曲沙他滨, تروكساسيتابين

GDC 0994, Ravoxertinib

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GDC-0994.png

GDC 0994

GDC-0994; Ravoxertinib; 1453848-26-4; GDC0994; UNII-R6AXV96CRH; R6AXV96CRH, RG7842; RG-7842; RG 7842

CAS 1453848-26-4

1-[(1S)-1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]-4-[2-[(2-methylpyrazol-3-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]pyridin-2-one

Molecular Formula: C21H18ClFN6O2
Molecular Weight: 440.863 g/mol

PHASE 1

Ravoxertinib also known as GDC-0994 and RG7842, is an orally available inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), with potential antineoplastic activity. Upon oral administration, GDC-0994 inhibits both ERK phosphorylation and activation of ERK-mediated signal transduction pathways. This prevents ERK-dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway is upregulated in a variety of tumor cell types and plays a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.

GDC-0994 is an ERK inhibitor invented by Array under a collaboration agreement with Genentech. Array has received certain clinical milestones and is entitled to additional potential clinical and commercial milestones and royalties on product sales under the agreement. ERK is a key protein kinase in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, which regulates several key cellular activities including proliferation, differentiation, migration, survival and angiogenesis. Inappropriate activation of this pathway has been shown to occur in many cancers. GDC-0994 is currently advancing in a Phase 1 trial in patients with solid tumors.

Image result for ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC.

Image result for Genentech

Applicants: ARRAY BIOPHARMA INC. [US/US]; 3200 Walnut Street Boulder, Colorado 80301 (US).
GENENTECH, INC. [US/US]; 1 DNA Way South San Francisco, California 94080-4990 (US)
Inventors: BLAKE, James F.; (US).
CHICARELLI, Mark Joseph; (US).
GARREY, Rustam Ferdinand; (US).
GAUDINO, John; (US).
GRINA, Jonas; (US).
MORENO, David A.; (US).
MOHR, Peter J.; (US).
REN, Li; (US).
SCHWARZ, Jacob; (US).
CHEN, Huifen; (US).
ROBARGE, Kirk; (US).
ZHOU, Aihe; (US)

WO2013130976

  • OriginatorArray BioPharma
  • DeveloperGenentech
  • ClassAntineoplastics; Small molecules
  • Mechanism of ActionExtracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase inhibitors; Mitogen activated protein kinase 3 inhibitors; Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 inhibitors
  • Phase ISolid tumours

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  • 29 Nov 2016Pharmacodynamics data from a preclinical trial in Solid tumours presented at the 28th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics (EORTC-NCI-AACR-2016)
  • 29 Nov 2016Adverse events, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data from a phase I trial in Solid tumours presented at the 28th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics
  • 16 Jul 2016No recent reports of development identified for phase-I development in Solid-tumours(Late-stage disease, Monotherapy, Second-line therapy or greater) in USA

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Abstract Image

(S)-1-(1-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one,

mp = 304.4 °C,
[α]D23 +113.8 (c 0.29, MeOH);
IR 1660, 1582, 1557 cm–1;
1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.69–9.52 (s, 1H), 8.69–8.49 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 8.09–7.77 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61–7.56 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50–7.47 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.46–7.42 (dd, J = 10.6, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38–7.36 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22–7.08 (m, 2H), 6.98–6.79 (dd, J = 7.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.35–6.23 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.06–5.90 (dd, J = 8.1, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.40–5.23 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.24–3.97 (m, 2H), 3.80–3.56 (s, 3H);
13C NMR (101 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 162.18, 161.53, 160.88, 160.55, 157.59 (d, JCF = 246.83 Hz), 147.19, 140.09 (d, JCF = 6.47 Hz), 138.30, 137.75, 137.42, 131.20, 125.53 (d, JCF = 3.45 Hz), 119.29 (d, JCF = 17.45 Hz), 117.74, 116.61 (d, JCF = 21.68 Hz), 109.68, 103.34, 99.36, 61.24, 59.20, 35.93.
HRMS (ESI): m/z [M + H]+ calcd for C21H18ClFN6O2, 441.1242; found, 441.1230.

GDC-0994 benzenesulfonate salt

figure

CAS 1817728-45-2, C21 H18 Cl F N6 O2 . C6 H6 O3 S

GDC-0994 as a light yellow solid,

mp 197.7 °C;

1H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): 9.93, (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 7.27 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.62 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 10.6, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (m, 3H), 7.18 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (dd, J = 7.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 5.99 (dd, J = 8.1, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (dd, J = 11.9, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (dd, J = 11.9, 5.5 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H).

13C NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6): 161.60, 161.14, 160.02, 159.79, 157.02 (d, J = 245 Hz), 148.0, 146.49, 139.53 (d, J = 6.0 Hz), 139.04, 136.96, 136.39, 130.66, 128.42, 127.59, 125.38, 124.99 (d, J = 3.0 Hz), 118.72 (d, J = 18.0 Hz), 117.29, 116.05 (d, J = 22.5 Hz), 109.75, 102.79, 98.77, 60.64, 58.68, 35.29.

19F NMR (282 MHz, DMSO-d6) −115.86 (dd, J = 10.6, 7.8).

HRMS calcd for C21H18ClFN6O2 [M + H] 441.1242, found 441.1245.

PATENT

WO 2013130976

Example 39

(S)-1-(1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5- yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one

[00398] Step A: (S)-1-(2-(tert-Butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-(2-(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridine-2(1H)-one (47 mg, 0.087 mmol), 2-methyl pyrazole-3 -amine (0.175 mmol, 2.0 equivalents) and anhydrous DMF (3.0 mL) were added to a 25 mL round bottomed flask equipped with a stirring bar. The flask was capped with a rubber septum and flushed with nitrogen. Under a blanket of nitrogen, sodium hydride (8.5 mg, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was added in one portion. The flask was flushed with

nitrogen, capped and stirred at room temperature. The reaction progress was monitored by LCMS, and after 30 minutes, the starting material was consumed. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of water (0.5 mL) and ethyl acetate (15 mL). The contents of the round bottomed flask were transferred to a 125 mL separatory funnel, and the reaction flask was rinsed several times with additional ethyl acetate. Crude (S)-1-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water (80 mL/30 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was washed once with brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to give crude (S)-1-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one. The crude was taken directly into the deprotection step.

[00399] Step B: Crude (S)-1-(2-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)-1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (48 mg) was dissolved in ethyl acetate (4 mL) and treated dropwise slowly (over 2 minutes) with an ethyl acetate solution (1.0 mL, which had been saturated with HCl gas). The reaction stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes, after which time LCMS indicated complete consumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was concentrated to an oily residue and purified by prep RP HPLC to yield (S)-1-(1-(4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (20.8 mg, 54.6% yield) as a lyophilized powder. 1H NMR (400 MHz, (CD3)2SO) δ 9.58 (s, 1H), 8.60 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H),7.58 (t, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J = 10.7,5.1 Hz 2H), 6.86 (dd, J = 7.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.27(d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.97 (dd, J = 7.7, 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.31(t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 4.10-3.95 (m,1H), 3.69 (s, 3H); LCMS m/z 441 (M+H)+.

PAPER

Discovery of (S)-1-(1-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)amino)pyrimidin-4-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one (GDC-0994), an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) Inhibitor in Early Clinical Development

Array BioPharma Inc., 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
J. Med. Chem., 2016, 59 (12), pp 5650–5660
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00389
Abstract Image

The extracellular signal-regulated kinases ERK1/2 represent an essential node within the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade that is commonly activated by oncogenic mutations in BRAF or RAS or by upstream oncogenic signaling. While targeting upstream nodes with RAF and MEK inhibitors has proven effective clinically, resistance frequently develops through reactivation of the pathway. Simultaneous targeting of multiple nodes in the pathway, such as MEK and ERK, offers the prospect of enhanced efficacy as well as reduced potential for acquired resistance. Described herein is the discovery and characterization of GDC-0994 (22), an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor selective for ERK kinase activity.

PATENT

WO 2015154674

https://www.google.com/patents/WO2015154674A1?cl=pt

The present invention provides processes for the manufacture of I which is a useful intermediate that can be used in the manufacture VIII. (WO2013/130976) Compound VIII is an ERK inhibitor and a useful medicament for treating hyperproliferative disorders. The process provides an efficient route to VIII and to the useful intermediates VI and VII. Alkylation of VII with VI affords I, which ultimately is condensed with 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (XIV) . (SCHEME A)
(i) i-PrMgCl, LiCl, THF; (ii) HCO2Na, HCO2H, H2O, EtOH; (iii) GDH-105, morpholineethanesulfonic acid, MgCl2, PEG6000, heptane, 1wt% KRED-NADH-112, NAD, glucose (iv) TBSCl, DMAP, TEA, DCM, 20-25℃ , 15h; (v) MsCl, DCM, 20-25℃ , 3h
Scheme 1. Original Synthetic Process
Scheme 2. Improved Process To I

[0170]
Example 1

[0173]
2- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl methanesulfonate

[0174]

[0175]
Step 1: 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene (64 kg) and dry toluene (170kg) were charged to the 2000 L steel reaction vessel under nitrogen. The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with N2 for three times, and cooled to between-10 and 5 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. To the solution was added dropwise i-PrMgCl. LiCl (280kg, 1.3M in THF) at between-10 and 10 ℃ . The reaction was stirred for a further 15 to 30min at between-10 and 10 ℃ and then warmed to about 20 to 25 ℃ over 1h. The reaction mixture was stirred for another 6 h stir to complete the exchange. The resulting solution was cooled to between-50 and-40 ℃ . A solution of 2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide (44.5kg) in dry toluene (289kg) was added dropwise to the above solution at while maintaining the temperature between-50 and-30 ℃ . The reaction mixture was warmed to between 20 and 25 ℃ over 1h and then stirred for 3h to complete the reaction. The reaction was quenched by addition of 1N aq. HCl (808l g) at a temperature between-5 and 15 ℃ . The aqueous layer was separated and organic layer was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The organic layer was washed with 10%aq. NaCl solution (320kg) twice, then concentrated to about 300L to obtain 1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-chloroethanone (51.8kg, 81.9%yield) as product in toluene.

[0176]
Step 2: The solution of II (51.7kg) in toluene was concentrated and solvent exchanged to EtOH to afford a suspension of II in EtOH (326kg) . A solution of HCOONa·2H2O (54.8kg) and HCOOH (44.5kg) in water (414kg) was added at a temperature between 15 and 35 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux and stirred for 4 to 5 h. The solution was cooled to between 20 and 30 ℃ after over 95%conversion occurred. Water (450kg) was added dropwise at between 10 and 30℃ for over 2 h. The resulting suspension was cooled to between-10 and-3 ℃ and the cooled solution stirred for 1 to 2 h. The solid was filtered and the filter cake washed with water (400 kg) to remove the residual HCOONa and HCOOH. The 1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethanone obtained was suspended in EtOAc (41kg) and n-heptane (64kg) , then warmed to between 45 and 50 ℃ , stirred for 2h, then cooled to between-2 and 5 ℃ for over 2h and stirred at this temperature for 2h. The solids were filtered and dried in vacuo at between 40 and 50 ℃ for 12 h to afford the product as white solid (40.0kg, 99.3%purity, 84.5%yield) .

[0177]
Step 3: A 500 L reactor under nitrogen was charged with purified water (150 kg) , 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (0.90kg) , anhydrous MgCl2(0.030kg) , n-heptane (37kg) , 1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethanone (30kg) , D- (+) -glucose monohydrate (34.8kg) and PEG 6000 (30.0kg) . The pH of the solution was adjusted to between 6.5 and 7.0 with 1N aq. NaOH at between 28 and 32 ℃ . The cofactor recycling enzyme, glucose dehydrogenase GDH-105 (0.300kg) (Codexis Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) , the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD (0.300kg) (Roche) and the oxidoreductase KRED-NADH-112 (0.300kg) (Codexis Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA) were added. The resulting suspension was stirred at between 29 and 31 ℃ for 10 to 12 h while adjusting the pH to maintain the reaction mixture pH between 6.5 and 7.0 by addition of 1N aq. NaOH (160kg) . The pH of the reaction mixture was adjusted to between 1 and 2 by addition of 49%H2SO4 (20kg) to quench the reaction. EtOAc (271kg) was added and the mixture was stirred at between 20 and 30 ℃for 10-15min then filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filter cake was washed with EtOAc (122kg) . The combined organic layers were separated and aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (150kg) . Water (237kg) was added to the combined organic layers. The pH of the mixture was adjusted to between 7.0 and 8.0 by addition of solid NaHCO3. The organic layer was separated, concentrated and then diluted with DCM to afford (R) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethane-1, 2-diol (30.9kg, yield 100%) as product in DCM.

[0178]
Step 4: A 1000 L reactor under nitrogen was charged with (R) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethane-1, 2-diol (29.5kg) and dry DCM (390kg) . The solution was cooled to between-5 and 0 ℃ . tert-Butylchlorodimethylsilane (25.1 kg) was added in portions while maintaining the temperature between-5 and 2 ℃ . A solution of DMAP (0.95kg) and TEA (41.0kg) in dry DCM (122kg ) was added dropwise to above solution at between-5 and 2 ℃ . The reaction solution was stirred for 1 h, then warmed to between 20 and 25 ℃ and stirred for 16 h. The solution of (R) -2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethanol was recooled to between-10 and-5 ℃ . A solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (19.55 kg) in dry DCM (122kg) was added dropwise to the above solution of while maintaining the temperature between-10 and 0 ℃ . The reaction solution was stirred at between-10 and 0 ℃ for 20 to 30 min, and then warmed to between 0 and 5℃ for over 1h, and stirred. The reaction solution was washed with water (210kg) , followed by 5%aq. citric acid (210kg) , 2%aq. NaHCO3 (210kg) and finally water (2 x 210kg) . The resulting DCM solution was dried (Na2SO4) , filtered and concentrated in vacuo below 15℃ (jacket temperature below 35℃) to afford (R) -2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl methanesulfonate (49.5kg, 83.5%yield, KarlFischer=0.01%) as product in DCM.

[0179]
Example 2

[0180]
4- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one

[0181]

[0182]
Step 1: A 1000 L reactor was charged with 2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine (82.2kg) and dry THF (205 kg) . The reactor was evacuated and backfilled with N2three times then cooled to between-30 and-20 ℃ . To the solution was added dropwise i-PrMgCl·LiCl (319 kg, 1.3M in THF) . The reaction was warmed to between-20 and-10℃ and stirred for 1.5 h to complete the transmetallation.

[0183]
A 2000 L reactor was charged with 4-chloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine (45.6kg) , dry THF (205kg) and [1, 3-bis (2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) imidazol-2-ylidene] (3-chloropyridyl) palladium (II) dichloride (PEPPSITM-IPr, 1.850kg) . The 2000 L reactor was evacuated and backfilled with N2 three times and heated to between 55 and 57 ℃ . To the reactor was added over 0.5 to 1 h, the solution of (2-fluoropyridin-4-yl) magnesium chloride while maintaining the temperature between 50 and 62℃ . The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at between 50 and 62 ℃ for a further 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to between 5 and 25℃ while the reaction was quenched with water (273kg) . The pH of the mixture was adjusted to 8 to 9 by adding solid citric acid monohydrate (7.3kg) . The organic layer was separated, washed with 12.5%aqNaCl (228kg) and concentrated in vacuo below 50℃ to afford 4- (2-fluoropyridin-4-yl) -2- (methylthio) pyrimidine (38.3kg, 61%yield) as product in THF.

[0184]
Step 2: The solution of 4- (2-fluoropyridin-4-yl) -2- (methylthio) pyrimidine (38.2kg) in THF was concentrated and co-evaporated with THF to remove residual water. The suspension was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth to remove inorganic salts. To the resulting solution in THF (510kg) was added tert-BuOK (39.7kg) in portions while maintaining the temperature between 15 and 25 ℃ . The mixture was warmed to between 20 and 25 ℃ and stirred for 5h. NaHCO3 (14.9kg) added charged and then a citric acid solution (5kg) in THF (15kg) was added to adjust the pH to between 8 and 9. Water (230kg) was added. The mixture was filtered and the filter cake was washed with THF (100kg) . The combined THF solutions were washed with 12.5%aqueous NaCl (320kg) and concentrated to about 380L to afford a solution of 4- (2- (tert-butoxy) pyridin-4-yl) -2- (methylthio) pyrimidine in THF.

[0185]
To the THF solution cooled to between 15 and 30 ℃ was added1N H2SO4 aq. solution (311kg) . The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 4h. MTBE (280kg) was charged and the pH of reaction solution was adjusted to 14 with 30%aqueous NaOH (120kg) . The aqueous layer was separated and the organic phase filtered to remove inorganic salts. The obtained aqueous layer was washed with MTBE (2 x 280kg) . 2-MeTHF (1630kg) and i-PrOH (180kg) were added to the aqueous solution. The pH was then adjusted to 8 slowly with conc. HCl (19kg) . An organic layer separated and aqueous layer was extracted with 2-MeTHF (305kg) . The combined 2-MeTHF extracts were washed with water (300kg) and concentrated to about 100L. MTBE (230kg) was added and stirred at 20-30 ℃ for 0.5h. The solid was filtered and slurried in a mixture solvent of 2-MeTHF (68kg) and MTBE (230kg) . The suspension was stirred at 35-50 ℃ for 3h, and then cooled to 0 to 10 ℃ and stirred at a further 2h.

[0186]
The solid was filtered and dried in vacuo at between 50 and 62 ℃ for 20 h to afford product 4- (2- (methylthio) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one as brown solid (33.55kg, 89.6%assay, 79.4%yield) .

[0187]
Example 3

[0188]
(S) -1- (2- ( (tert-Butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- (methylthio) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (XI)

[0189]

[0190]
Step 1: The THF was co-evaporated from the THF solution of 4- (2- (methylthio) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (25.5kg) to remove residual water. Dry bis- (2-methoxyethyl) ether (75kg) was added. A solution of KHMDS (131kg, 1M in THF) was added dropwise while maintaining the temperature between 25 and 40 ℃ . The mixture was heated to between 75 and 80℃ and stirred for 30 to 40 min. The resulting mixture was cooled to between 20 and 30℃ under nitrogen atmosphere. A solution of (R) -2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl methanesulfonate (47.6kg) in THF (50kg) was added over 30 to 60 min while maintaining the temperature between 20 and 40℃ . The reaction solution was warmed to between 80 and 85 ℃ and stirred for 7 h. The solution was cooled to between 5 and 15 ℃ and water (155 kg) was added. The pH of the solution was adjusted to 7.5 with 30%aqueous citric acid (30 kg) . EtOAc (460kg) was added and the mixture was stirred for 20 min. The organic layer was separated and washed with 12.5%aqueous NaCl (510kg) . The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (115kg) . The ethyl acetate layers were concentrated to about 360L to afford (S) -1- (2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- (methylthio) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (44.6kg, 75.7%yield) as product in EtOAc.

[0191]
Step 2: To a solution of (S) -1- (2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- (methylthio) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (44.6kg) in EtOAc (401kg, 10vol) cooled to between 5 and 10 ℃ was added in portions MCPBA (58kg) . The reaction mixture was added to a solution of NaHCO3 (48.7kg) in water (304kg) at a temperature between10 and-20℃ . A solution of Na2S2O3 (15kg) in water (150 kg) was added dropwise to consume residual MCBPA. The organic layer was separated and aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (130kg) . The combined organic layers were washed with water (301 kg) , concentrated and solvent exchanged to DCM to afford (S) -1- (2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin- 4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (45.0kg, 94.9%yield) as product in DCM. The DCM solution was concentrated to about 100 L, filtered through a pad of SiO2 (60kg) and eluted with an EtOAc/DCM gradient (0, 25 and 50%EtOAc) . The fractions were combined and concentrated to get the product which was re-slurried with (acetone: n-heptane=1: 3 v/v) four times to afford the final product (31.94kg, 71%yield) .

[0192]
Example 4

[0193]
(S) -1- (1- (4-Chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethyl) -4- (2- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one, benzenesulfonate salt (VIIIb)

[0194]

[0195]
Step 1: A clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel was charged with THF (13 kg) then (S) -1- (2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (I, 5 kg) and 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (1.1 kg) were added sequentially with medium agitation followed by THF (18 kg) . The mixture was cooled to-35 ℃ and to the resulting thin slurry was added slowly a THF solution of LiHMDS (17.4 kg, 1.0 M) at a rate that maintained the internal temperature below-25 ℃ . After the addition was completed, the reaction was held between-35 and-25 ℃ for 20 min and monitored by HPLC. If the HPLC result indicated ≤ 98.5%conversion, additional LiHMDS (0.34 kg, 1.0 M, 0.05 mol%) was added slowly at-35 ℃ . The reaction was quenched slowly at the same temperature with H3PO4 solution (4.4 kg of 85%H3PO4and 15 kg of water) and the internal temperature was kept below 30 ℃ . The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (18 kg) and the phases separated, the organic layer was washed with H3PO4 solution (1.1 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) followed by a second H3PO4wash (0.55 kg of 85%H3PO4and 12 kg of water) . If 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-remained, the organic layer was washed again with H3PO4 solution (0.55 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) . Finally the organic layer was washed sequentially with water (20 kg) and a NaCl and NaHCO3 solution (2 kg of NaCl, 0.35 kg of NaHCO3and 10 kg of water) . After the phase separation, residue water in organic solution was removed through an azeotropic distillation with EtOAc to ≤ 0.5% (by KF) and then solution was concentrated to 20-30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then swapped to MeOH using 35 kg of MeOH and then concentrated to between 20 and 30 L for the next step.

[0196]
Step 2: To the methanolic (S) -1- (2- ( (tert-butyldimethylsilyl) oxy) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethyl) -4- (2- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (IX) solution in MeOH was added HCl (10.7 kg, 1.25 M in MeOH) at RT. It was slightly exothermic. After the addition was completed, the reaction was heated to 45 ℃ . If the reaction was incomplete after 14 to 16 h, additional HCl (1 kg, 1.25 M in MeOH) was added and agitation at 45 ℃ was continued for 2 h. The reaction was equipped with a distillation setup with acid scrubber. The reaction was concentrated to between 20 and 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . To the resulting solution was added MeOH (35 kg) and the reaction was concentrated to 20 to 30 L again under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to EtOAc using 40 kg of EtOAc. The solvent ratio was monitored by Headspace GC and the solvent swap continued until it was less than 1/5. The solution was concentrated to between 20 and 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . After the solution was cooled below 30 ℃ , aqueous NaHCO3 (1.2 kg of NaHCO3 and 20 kg of water) was added slowly with a medium agitation and followed by EtOAc (40 kg) . The organic layer was washed with water (2 x 10 kg) then concentrated to 20-30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to MEK using 35 kg of MEK. The residue MeOH was monitored by Headspace GC and the solvent swap continued until the MeOH was < 0.3%. The solution containing (S) -1- (1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethyl) -4- (2- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (VIII) was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ for the next step.

[0197]
Step 3: The solution of VIII in MEK was transferred to a second 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel through a 1μm line filter. In a separate container was prepared benezenesulfonic acid solution (1.3 kg of benzenesulfonic acid, 1.4 kg of water and 4.4 kg of MEK) . The filtered VIII solution was heated to 75 ℃ and to the resulting solution was added 0.7 kg of the benzenesulfonic acid solution through a 1μm line filter. The clear solution was seeded with crystalline benzenesulfonic acid salt of VIII (0.425 kg) as a slurry in MEK (0.025 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed and 0.4 kg of MEK) which produced a thin slurry. The remaining benzenesulfonic acid solution was then added through a 1μm line filter in 2 h. After addition, the slurry was heated at 75 ℃ for additional 1 h and then cooled to 18 ℃ in a minimum of 3 h. The resulting thick slurry was agitated at 20 ℃ for 14 to 16 h. The solid was filtered using an Aurora dryer. The mother liquor was assayed by HPLC (about . 3%loss) . The solid was then washed with 1μm line filtered 15.8 kg of MEK and water solution (0.8 kg of water and 15 kg of MEK) and followed by 1μm line filtered 30 kg of MEK. Washes were assayed by HPLC (<1%loss) . The wet cake was dried under a vacuum and a nitrogen sweep at a jacket temperature of 45 ℃ for a minimum 12 h to afford the benzenesulfonic acid salt of VIII, which is labeled VIIIb.

[0198]
Additional Examples

[0199]
Step 1:

[0200]

[0201]
To a clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel was charged 13 kg of THF first. With a medium agitation, 5.0 kg of I and 1.1 kg of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine was charged sequentially and followed by the rest of THF (18 kg) . At-35 ℃ to the resulting thin slurry was added 17.4 kg of LiHMDS (1.0 mol/L) in THF slowly and the internal temperature was remained below-25 ℃ . After addition, the reaction was held between-35 and-25 ℃ for 20 min. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. If the HPLC result indicated ≤ 98.5%conversion, additional 0.34 kg (0.05 mol%) of LiHMDS (1.0 mol/L) in THF was charged slowly at-35 ℃ . Otherwise, the reaction was quenched at the same temperature with 19.4 kg of H3PO4 solution (4.4 kg of 85%H3PO4and 15 kg of water) slowly and the internal temperature was remained below 30 ℃ . The reaction was diluted with 18 kg of EtOAc. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with 13.1 kg of H3PO4 solution (1.1 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) and then with 12.6 kg of H3PO4solution (0.55 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) . The organic layer was assayed for the 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine level by HPLC. If the HPLC result indicated ≥ 20 μg/mL of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, the organic layer needed an additional wash with 12.6 kg of H3PO4 solution (0.55 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) . Otherwise, the organic layer was washed with 20 kg of water. The organic layer was assayed again for the 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine level. If the HPLC result indicated ≥ 2 μg/mL of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, the organic layer needed an additional wash with 20 kg of water. Otherwise, the organic layer was washed with 12.4 kg of NaCl and NaHCO3 solution (2 kg of NaCl, 0.35 kg of NaHCO3 and 10 kg of water) . After the phase separation, residue water in organic solution was removed through an azeotropic distillation with EtOAc to ≤ 0.5% (by KF) and then the solution was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then swapped to MeOH using 35 kg of MeOH and then concentrated to 20 to 30 L for the next step.

[0202]
Step 2:

[0203]

[0204]
To the IX solution in MeOH from the last step was charged 10.7 kg of HCl (1.25 M in MeOH) at the ambient temperature. It was observed slightly exothermic. After addition, the reaction was heated to 45 ℃ . After 14-16 h, the reaction was monitored by HPLC. If the HPLC result indicated the conversion was ≤ 98%, an additional 1 kg of HCl (1.25 M in MeOH) was charged and the reaction was agitated at 45 ℃ for additional 2 h. Otherwise, the reaction was equipped with a distillation setup with acid scrubber. The reaction was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . To the resulting solution was charged 35 kg of MeOH and the reaction was concentrated to 20 to 30 L again under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to EtOAc using 40 kg of EtOAc. The solvent ratio was monitored by Headspace GC. If the ratio of MeOH/EtOAc was greater than 1/5, the solvent swap should be continued. Otherwise, the solution was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . After the solution was cooled below 30 ℃ , 21.2 kg of NaHCO3 solution (1.2 kg of NaHCO3 and 20 kg of water) was charged slowly with a medium agitation and followed by 40 kg of EtOAc. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with 2 X 10 kg of water. The organic layer was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to MEK using 35 kg of MEK. The residue MeOH was monitored by Headspace GC. If the level of MeOH was ≥ 0.3%, the solvent swap should be continued. Otherwise, the solution was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ for the next step.

[0205]
Step 3:

[0206]

[0207]
The VIII solution in MEK from the last step was transferred to a second 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel through a 3 μm line filter. In a separated container was prepared 7.1 kg of benzenesulfonic acid solution (1.3 kg of benzenesulfonic acid, 1.4 kg of water and 4.4 kg of MEK) . The filtered G02584994 solution was heated to 75 ℃ and to the resulting solution was charged 0.7 kg of benzenesulfonic acid solution (10%) through a 3 μm line filter. To the clear solution was charged 0.425 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed slurry in MEK (0.025 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed and 0.4 kg of MEK) . This resulted in a thin slurry. The rest of benzenesulfonic acid solution was then charged through a 3 μm line filter in 2 h. After addition, the slurry was heated at 75 ℃ for additional 1 h and then cooled to 20 ℃ in a minimum of 3 h. The resulting thick slurry was agitated at 20 ℃ for 14-16 h. Solid was filtered using a filter dryer. Mother liquor was assayed by HPLC (about 3%loss) . Solid was then washed with 3 μm line filtered 15.8 kg of MEK and water solution (0.8 kg of water and 15 kg of MEK) and followed by 3 μm line filtered 30 kg of MEK. Washes were assayed by HPLC (<1%loss) . The wet cake was dried under a vacuum and the nitrogen sweep at a jacket temperature of 45 ℃ for a minimum 12 h.

[0208]
Recrystallization

[0209]

[0210]
To a clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel was charged 16 kg of EtOH first. With a medium agitation, 3.5 kg of VIIIb was charged and then followed by the rest of EtOH (8.5 kg) . The thick slurry was heated to 78 ℃ and water (~1.1 kg) was charge until a clear solution was obtained. The hot solution was filtered through a 3 μm line filter to a second clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel. The temperature dropped to 55-60 ℃ and the solution remained clear. To the resulting solution was charged with 0.298 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed slurry in EtOH (0.018 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed and 0.28 kg of EtOH) . The thick slurry was concentrated to 20 to 30 L at 60 ℃ under a vacuum and then cooled 20 ℃ in 3 h. The resulting slurry was agitated at 20 ℃ for 14 to 16 h. Solid was filtered using a filter dryer. The mother liquor was assayed by HPLC (about 10%loss) . Solid was then washed with 3 μm line filtered 11.1 kg of EtOH and water solution (0.56 kg of water and 11 kg of EtOH) and followed by 3 μm line filtered 21 kg of MEK. Washes were assayed by HPLC (3%loss) . The wet cake was dried under a vacuum and the nitrogen sweep at a jacket temperature of 45 ℃ for a minimum 12 h.

[0211]
An additional synthetic process is set forth below.

[0212]
Step 1:

[0213]

[0214]
To a clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel was charged 18 kg of THF first. With a medium agitation, 4.2 kg of I and 0.91 kg of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine was charged sequentially and followed by the rest of THF (21 kg) . At-40 ℃ to the resulting thin slurry was added 14.9 kg of LiHMDS (1.0 mol/L) in THF slowly and the internal temperature was remained below-30 ℃ . After addition, the reaction was held between-35 and-40 ℃ for 20 min. The reaction was monitored by HPLC. The HPLC result indicated 99.1%conversion. The reaction was quenched at the same temperature with 16.7 kg of H3PO4 solution (3.7 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 13 kg of water) slowly and the internal temperature was remained below 30 ℃ . The reaction was diluted with 17 kg of EtOAc. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with 13.1 kg of H3PO4 solution (1.1 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 12 kg of water) and then with 10.5 kg of H3PO4 solution (0.46 kg of 85%H3PO4 and 10 kg of water) . The organic layer was assayed for the 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine level by HPLC. The HPLC result indicated 2 μg/mL of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine. The organic layer was washed with 15.8 kg of NaCl solution (0.3 kg of NaCl and 15.5 kg of water) . The organic layer was assayed again for the G02586778 level. The HPLC result indicated 0.5 μg/mL of 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine. The organic layer was washed with 10.3 kg of NaCl and NaHCO3 solution (1.7 kg of NaCl, 0.6 kg of NaHCO3and 8 kg of water) . After the phase separation, residue water in organic solution was removed through an azeotropic distillation with EtOAc to ≤ 0.5% (by KF) and then the solution was concentrated to 20 to 30 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then swapped to MeOH using 30 kg of MeOH and then concentrated to 20 to 30 L for the next step.

[0215]
Step 2:

[0216]

[0217]
To the IX solution in MeOH from the last step was charged 9.0 kg of HCl (1.25 M in MeOH) at the ambient temperature. It was observed slightly exothermic. After addition, the reaction was heated to 45 ℃ . After 16 h, the reaction was monitored by HPLC. The HPLC result indicated the conversion was 99.4%. The reaction was equipped with a distillation setup. The reaction was concentrated to 20 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . To the resulting solution was charged 35 kg of MeOH and the reaction was concentrated to 20 L again under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to EtOAc using 40 kg of EtOAc. The solvent ratio was monitored by Headspace GC. If the ratio of MeOH/EtOAc was greater than 1/5, the solvent swap should be continued. Otherwise, the solution was concentrated to 20 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . After the solution was cooled below 30 ℃ , 18 kg of NaHCO3 solution (1 kg of NaHCO3 and 17 kg of water) was charged slowly with a medium agitation and followed by 34 kg of EtOAc. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with 2 X 8 kg of water. The organic layer was concentrated to 20 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ . The solvent was then switched to MEK using 35 kg of MEK. The residue MeOH was monitored by Headspace GC. If the level of MeOH was ≥ 0.3%, the solvent swap should be continued. Otherwise, the solution was concentrated to 20 L under a vacuum below 50 ℃ for the next step.

[0218]
Step 3:
The VIII solution in MEK from the last step was transferred to a second 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel through a 1 μm polish filter. In a separated container was prepared 6.0 kg of benzenesulfonic acid solution (1.1 kg of benzenesulfonic acid, 1.2 kg of water and 3.7 kg of MEK) . The filtered solution was heated to 75 ℃ and to the resulting solution was charged 0.6 kg of benzenesulfonic acid solution (10%) through a 1 μm line filter. To the clear solution was charged 0.36 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed slurry in MEK (0.021 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed and 0.34 kg of MEK) . This resulted in a thin slurry. The rest of benzenesulfonic acid solution was then charged through a 1 μm line filter in 2 h. After addition, the slurry was heated at 75 ℃ for additional 1 h and then cooled to 18 ℃ in a minimum of 3 h. The resulting thick slurry was agitated at 18 ℃ for 14-16 h. Solid was filtered using an Aurora dryer. Solid was then washed with 1 μm line filtered 8.15 kg of MEK and water solution (0.35 kg of water and 7.8 kg of MEK) and followed by 1 μm line filtered 12 kg of MEK.
Recrystallization
To a clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel was charged 21 kg of EtOH first. With a medium agitation, 3.5 kg of VIIIb was charged and then followed by the rest of EtOH (9 kg) . The thick slurry was heated to 78 ℃ and water (1.2 kg) was charge until a clear solution was obtained. The hot solution was filtered through a 1 μm line filter to a second clean 100 L cylindrical reaction vessel. The temperature dropped to 69 ℃ and the solution remained clear. To the resulting solution was charged with 0.37 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed slurry in EtOH (0.018 kg of VIIIb crystalline seed and 0.35 kg of EtOH) . The thin slurry was concentrated to 20 L at 60-70 ℃ under a vacuum and then cooled 18 ℃ in 3 h. The resulting slurry was agitated at 18 ℃ for 14-16 h. Solid was filtered using a filter dryer. Solid was then washed with 1 μm line filtered 8.6 kg of EtOH and water solution (0.4 kg of water and 8.2 kg of EtOH) . The solution was introduced in two equal portions. The solid was then washed by 1 μm line filtered 6.7 kg of MEK. The wet cake was dried under a vacuum and the nitrogen sweep at a jacket temperature of 35-40 ℃ for a minimum 12 h.
Alternative Synthetic Route (Steps 1 to 10 below)

Step 1:

[0227]

[0228]
Procedure:

[0229]
1. Charge compound 1 and MeBrPPh3 to a four-necked jacketed flask with a paddle stirrer under N2

[0230]
2. Charge THF (5.0V., KF<0.02%) to the flask (Note: V is the volume of solution to mass of limited reagent or L/Kg)

[0231]
3. Stir the suspension at 0 ℃

[0232]
4. Add the NaH (60%suspended in mineral oil) portionwise to the flask at 0 ℃

[0233]
5. Stir at 0 ℃ for 30min

[0234]
6. Heat to 30 ℃ and stir for 6 hrs

[0235]
7. Cool to 0 ℃

[0236]
8. Charge PE (petroleum ether) (5.0V. ) to the flask

[0237]
9. Add the crystal seed of TPPO (triphenylphospine oxide) (1 to about 5%wt of total TPPO) to the flask

[0238]
10. Stir at-10 ℃ for 2hrs

[0239]
11. Filter, and wash the cake with PE (5.0V. )

[0240]
12. Concentrate the filtrate to dryness

[0241]
13. Purification of the product by distillation under reduced pressure affords 2 as colorless oil

[0242]
Step 2:

[0243]

[0244]
Procedure:

[0245]
1. Add (DHQD) 2PHAL, Na2CO3, K2Fe (CN) 6, K2OsO2 (OH) 4 into a flask under N2 (Ad-mix beta, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) .

[0246]
2. Cool to 0 ℃

[0247]
3. Add tBuOH (5V) and H2O (5V)

[0248]
4. Add 2

[0249]
5. Stir the mixture at 0 ℃ for 6h

[0250]
6. Cool to 0 ℃

[0251]
7. Add Na2SO3 to quench the reaction

[0252]
8. Stir at 0 ℃ for 2h

[0253]
9. Filter and wash the cake with EA (ethyl acetate)

[0254]
10. Separate the organic layer

[0255]
11. Filter and concentrate to dryness

[0256]
Step 3:

[0257]

[0258]
Procedure:

[0259]
1. Add IV (1 eq. ) and DCM (5V) to a flask under N2

[0260]
2. Cool to 0 ℃

[0261]
3. Add DMAP (0.1 eq. ) , then TEA (1.5 eq. )

[0262]
4. Add TBSCl (1.05 eq. ) dropwise at 0 ℃

[0263]
5. Stir the mixture at 0 ℃ for 1h

[0264]
6. Add water to quench the reaction

[0265]
7. Separate the layers

[0266]
8. Dry the organic layer over Na2SO4

[0267]
9. Filter

[0268]
10. Concentrate the filtrate to dryness

[0269]
11. Use for next step directly

[0270]
Step 4:

[0271]

[0272]
Procedure:

[0273]
1. Add V (1.0 eq. ) and DCM (5V) into a flask under N2.

[0274]
2. Cool to 0 ℃

[0275]
3. Add TEA (1.51 eq. )

[0276]
4. Add MsCl (1.05 eq. ) dropwise at 0 ℃

[0277]
5. Stir the mixture at rt for 1h

[0278]
6. Add DCM to dilute the mixture for better stirring

[0279]
7. Add water to quench the reaction

[0280]
8. Separate the layers

[0281]
9. Wash the organic layer with NaHCO3

[0282]
10. Dry over Na2SO4

[0283]
11. Filter and concentrate the filtrate to dryness

[0284]
12. Used for next step directly

[0285]
Step 5:

[0286]

[0287]
Procedure:

[0288]
1. Add VII (1eq. ) and DGME (20V) into flask under N2

[0289]
2. Cool to 0 ℃

[0290]
3. Add KHMDS (1M in THF, 1 eq. )

[0291]
4. Add VI (1.2-1.5 eq. ) in DGME solution

[0292]
5. Stir at 0 ℃ for 5min

[0293]
6. Heat to reflux (jacket 120 ℃) and stir for over 4h

[0294]
7. Cool down

[0295]
8. Quench with water and extraction with MTBE

[0296]
9. Wash with 20%NaCl

[0297]
10. Dry over Na2SO4

[0298]
11. Concentrate to dryness and use to next step directly

[0299]
Step 6:

[0300]

[0301]
Procedure:

[0302]
1. Charge XI (1eq. ) , DCM (8V) into flask under N2

[0303]
2. Add mCPBA by portions

[0304]
3. Stir at room temperature for 2h

[0305]
4. Add 7%NaHCO3 aq. to wash

[0306]
5. Quench with Na2S2O4 aq.

[0307]
6. Wash with 20%NaCl aq.

[0308]
7. Dry over Na2SO4

[0309]
8. Filter and concentrate to dryness

[0310]
9. Slurry the result in MTBE (3V) to afford I

[0311]
Step 7:

[0312]

[0313]
Procedure:

[0314]
1. Add I (1eq. ) , 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (4 eq. ) , Cs2CO3, DMF (4V) into a flask under N2

[0315]
2. Stir at room temperature for 3h

[0316]
3. Work-up to afford product.

[0317]
Step 8:

[0318]

[0319]
Procedure:

[0320]
1. IX was dissolved in MeOH

[0321]
2. HCl (1.25 M in MeOH) was charged at the ambient temperature.

[0322]
3. After addition, the reaction was heated to 45 ℃ for 16 h.

[0323]
4. The reaction was cooled to rt and quenched with aqueous NaHCO3 and diluted with EtOAc

[0324]
5. After the phase separation, the organic layer was washed with water. The organic layer was concentrated to afford the crude VIII

[0325]
Step 9:

[0326]

[0327]
Procedure:

[0328]
1. Charge compound 6-2, XIII, Pd-catalyst and sodium bicarbonate to a four-necked jacketed flask with paddle stirrer under N2

[0329]
2. Charge water and 1, 4-dioxane (5.0V., KF<0.02%) to the flask

[0330]
3. Stir the suspension at 85 ℃ for 16hrs

[0331]
4. Filter through the silica-gel (2.0 X) and diatomaceous earth (0.5X)

[0332]
5. Remove the 1, 4-dioxane by distillation under a vacuum

[0333]
6. Partition between water (2.0V) and EtOAc (5.0V)

[0334]
7. Separate the organic phase and concentrate

[0335]
8. Purify by re-crystallization from PE and EtOAc

[0336]
Step 10:

[0337]

[0338]
Procedure:

[0339]
● Add X into a flask

[0340]
● Add 2M HCl (10-15V)

[0341]
● Heat to 100 ℃ and stir for 3h

[0342]
● Cool down

[0343]
● Neutralize pH to 7 to 8 with 30%NaOH aq.

[0344]
● Extract with THF

[0345]
● Wash with 20%NaCl aq.

[0346]
● Dry over Na2SO4

[0347]
● Filter and concentrate to dryness

[0348]
Synthesis of Crystalline (S) -1- (1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethyl) -4- (2- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one benzenesulfonate salt

[0349]
(S) -1- (1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethyl) -4- (2- ( (1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amino) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (21.1 mg, 0.048 mmol) was dissolved in MEK (0.5 mL) . Benzenesulfonic acid (Fluka, 98%, 7.8 mg, 0.049 mmol) was dissolved in MEK (0.5 mL) and the resulting solution added drop wise to the free base solution with stirring. Precipitation occurred and the precipitate slowly dissolved as more benzenesulfonic acid solution was added. A small amount of sticky solid remained on the bottom of the vial. The vial contents were sonicated for 10 minutes during which further precipitation occurred. The solid was isolated after centrifugation and vacuum dried at 40 ℃ using house vacuum.
A process for the preparation of a compound of formula VIII, the process comprising the steps of:

(a) contacting 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-fluorobenzene with a metallating agent in an aprotic organic solvent to afford an organomagnesium compound, which is reacted with 2-chloro-N-methoxy-N-methylacetamide to afford 2-chloro-1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethanone (II) ;

(b) contacting II with sodium formate and formic acid in aqueous ethanol to afford 1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) -2-hydroxyethanone (III)

(c) contacting III with a ketoreductase to afford (R) -1- (4-chloro-3-fluorophenyl) ethane-1, 2-diol (IV) ;

(d) contacting IV with a silyl chloride (Ra) 3SiCl and at least one base in a non-polar aprotic solvent to afford (V) , and subsequently adding sulfonylchloride RbS (O) 2Cl to afford VI, wherein Ra is independently in each occurrence C1-6 alkyl or phenyl and Rb is selected from C1-4 alkyl or phenyl, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 groups independently selected from C1-3 alkyl, halogen, nitro, cyano, or C1-3 alkoxy;

(e) contacting 4- (2- (methylsulfonyl) pyrimidin-4-yl) pyridin-2 (1H) -one (VII) with a strong base in an organic solvent and subsequently adding VI to afford XI;

(f) treating XI with an oxidizing agent to afford I;

(g) treating 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine with a strong base in an aprotic solvent at reduced temperature and adding the compound of formula I to afford IX; and,

(h) contacting IX with a de-silylating agent to afford VIII.

PAPER

Development of a Practical Synthesis of ERK Inhibitor GDC-0994

Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
Process Research, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00006
Abstract Image

The process development of a synthetic route to manufacture ERK inhibitor GDC-0994 on multikilogram scale is reported herein. The API was prepared as the corresponding benzenesulfonate salt in 7 steps and 41% overall yield. The synthetic route features a biocatalytic asymmetric ketone reduction, a regioselective pyridone SN2 reaction, and a safe and scalable tungstate-catalyzed sulfide oxidation. The end-game process involves a telescoped SNAr/desilylation/benzenesulfonate salt formation sequence. Finally, the development of the API crystallization allowed purging of process-related impurities, obtaining >99.5A% HPLC and >99% ee of the target molecule.

1 to 6 of 6
Patent ID Patent Title Submitted Date Granted Date
US2016136150 COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS AS INHIBITORS OF MEK 2015-11-13 2016-05-19
US2016122316 SERINE/THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS 2016-01-12 2016-05-05
US2015111869 USE OF A COMBINATION OF A MEK INHIBITOR AND AN ERK INHIBITOR FOR TREATMENT OF HYPERPROLIFERATIVE DISEASES 2014-08-29 2015-04-23
US2015051209 COMPOUNDS AND COMPOSITIONS AS INHIBITORS OF MEK 2014-08-05 2015-02-19
US2014249127 SERINE/THREONINE KINASE INHIBITORS 2014-02-14 2014-09-04
US8697715 Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors 2013-03-01 2014-04-15

///////////GDC 0994, Ravoxertinib, 1453848-26-4, GDC0994, UNII-R6AXV96CRH, R6AXV96CRH, RG7842, RG-7842, RG 7842, PHASE 1

CN1C(=CC=N1)NC2=NC=CC(=N2)C3=CC(=O)N(C=C3)C(CO)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)Cl)F


Filed under: PHASE 1, PHASE1, Uncategorized Tagged: 1453848-26-4, GDC 0994, GDC0994, PHASE 1, R6AXV96CRH, Ravoxertinib, RG-7842, RG7842, UNII-R6AXV96CRH

Novartis Kisqali® (ribociclib, LEE011) receives FDA approval as first-line treatment for HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer in combination with any aromatase inhibitor

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Novartis logo: a global healthcare company

  • Approved based on a first-line Phase III trial that met its primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS) at interim analysis due to superior efficacy compared to letrozole alone[1]
  • At this interim analysis, Kisqali plus letrozole reduced risk of disease progression or death by 44% over letrozole alone, and demonstrated tumor burden reduction with a 53% overall response rate[1]
  • Kisqali plus letrozole showed treatment benefit across all patient subgroups regardless of disease burden or tumor location[1]
  • At a subsequent analysis with additional follow-up and progression events, a median PFS of 25.3 months for Kisqali plus letrozole and 16.0 months for letrozole alone was observed[2]

Basel, March 13, 2017 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Kisqali®(ribociclib, formerly known as LEE011) in combination with an aromatase inhibitor as initial endocrine-based therapy for treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

Kisqali is a CDK4/6 inhibitor approved based on a first-line Phase III trial that met its primary endpoint early, demonstrating statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival (PFS) compared to letrozole alone at the first pre-planned interim analysis[1]. Kisqali was reviewed and approved under the FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation and Priority Review programs.

“Kisqali is emblematic of the innovation that Novartis continues to bring forward for people with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer,” said Bruno Strigini, CEO, Novartis Oncology. “We at Novartis are proud of the comprehensive clinical program for Kisqali that has led to today’s approval and the new hope this medicine represents for patients and their families.”

The FDA approval is based on the superior efficacy and demonstrated safety of Kisqali plus letrozole versus letrozole alone in the pivotal Phase III MONALEESA-2 trial. The trial, which enrolled 668 postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer who received no prior systemic therapy for their advanced breast cancer, showed that Kisqali plus an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, reduced the risk of progression or death by 44 percent over letrozole alone (median PFS not reached (95% CI: 19.3 months-not reached) vs. 14.7 months (95% CI: 13.0-16.5 months); HR=0.556 (95% CI: 0.429-0.720); p<0.0001)[1].

More than half of patients taking Kisqali plus letrozole remained alive and progression free at the time of interim analysis, therefore median PFS could not be determined[1]. At a subsequent analysis with additional 11-month follow-up and progression events, a median PFS of 25.3 months for Kisqali plus letrozole and 16.0 months for letrozole alone was observed[2]. Overall survival data is not yet mature and will be available at a later date.

“In the MONALEESA-2 trial, ribociclib plus letrozole reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 44 percent over letrozole alone, and more than half of patients (53%) with measurable disease taking ribociclib plus letrozole experienced a tumor burden reduction of at least 30 percent. This is a significant result for women with this serious form of breast cancer,” said Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, MD, Professor of Medicine, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and MONALEESA-2 Principal Investigator. “These results affirm that combination therapy with a CDK4/6 inhibitor like ribociclib and an aromatase inhibitor should be a new standard of care for initial treatment of HR+ advanced breast cancer.”

Kisqali is taken with or without food as a once-daily oral dose of 600 mg (three 200 mg tablets) for three weeks, followed by one week off treatment. Kisqali is taken in combination with four weeks of any aromatase inhibitor[1].

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in American women[3]. The American Cancer Society estimates more than 250,000 women will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in 2017[3]. Up to one-third of patients with early-stage breast cancer will subsequently develop metastatic disease[4].

Novartis is committed to providing patients with access to medicines, as well as resources and support to address a range of needs. The Kisqali patient support program is available to help guide eligible patients through the various aspects of getting started on treatment, from providing educational information to helping them understand their insurance coverage and identify potential financial assistance options. For more information, patients and healthcare professionals can call 1-800-282-7630.

The full prescribing information for Kisqali can be found at https://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/sites/www.pharma.us.novartis.com/files/kisqali.pdf(link is external).

About Kisqali® (ribociclib)
Kisqali (ribociclib) is a selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, a class of drugs that help slow the progression of cancer by inhibiting two proteins called cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6). These proteins, when over-activated, can enable cancer cells to grow and divide too quickly. Targeting CDK4/6 with enhanced precision may play a role in ensuring that cancer cells do not continue to replicate uncontrollably.

Kisqali was developed by the Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR) under a research collaboration with Astex Pharmaceuticals.

About the MONALEESA Clinical Trial Program
Novartis is continuing to assess Kisqali through the robust MONALEESA clinical trial program, which includes two additional Phase III trials, MONALEESA-3 and MONALEESA-7, that are evaluating Kisqali in multiple endocrine therapy combinations across a broad range of patients, including premenopausal women. MONALEESA-3 is evaluating Kisqali in combination with fulvestrant compared to fulvestrant alone in postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer who have received no or a maximum of one prior endocrine therapy. MONALEESA-7 is investigating Kisqali in combination with endocrine therapy and goserelin compared to endocrine therapy and goserelin alone in premenopausal women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer who have not previously received endocrine therapy.

About Novartis in Advanced Breast Cancer
For more than 25 years, Novartis has been at the forefront of driving scientific advancements for breast cancer patients and improving clinical practice in collaboration with the global community. With one of the most diverse breast cancer pipelines and the largest number of breast cancer compounds in development, Novartis leads the industry in discovery of new therapies and combinations, especially in HR+ advanced breast cancer, the most common form of the disease.

Kisqali® (ribociclib) Important Safety Information
Kisqali® (ribociclib) can cause a heart problem known as QT prolongation. This condition can cause an abnormal heartbeat and may lead to death. Patients should tell their healthcare provider right away if they have a change in their heartbeat (a fast or irregular heartbeat), or if they feel dizzy or faint. Kisqali can cause serious liver problems. Patients should tell their healthcare provider right away if they get any of the following signs and symptoms of liver problems: yellowing of the skin or the whites of the eyes (jaundice), dark or brown (tea-colored) urine, feeling very tired, loss of appetite, pain on the upper right side of the stomach area (abdomen), and bleeding or bruising more easily than normal. Low white blood cell counts are very common when taking Kisqali and may result in infections that may be severe. Patients should tell their healthcare provider right away if they have signs and symptoms of low white blood cell counts or infections such as fever and chills. Before taking Kisqali, patients should tell their healthcare provider if they are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant as Kisqali can harm an unborn baby. Females who are able to become pregnant and who take Kisqali should use effective birth control during treatment and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose of Kisqali. Do not breastfeed during treatment with Kisqali and for at least 3 weeks after the last dose of Kisqali. Patients should tell their healthcare provider about all of the medicines they take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements since they may interact with Kisqali. Patients should avoid pomegranate or pomegranate juice, and grapefruit or grapefruit juice while taking Kisqali. The most common side effects (incidence >=20%) of Kisqali when used with letrozole include white blood cell count decreases, nausea, tiredness, diarrhea, hair thinning or hair loss, vomiting, constipation, headache, and back pain. The most common grade 3/4 side effects in the Kisqali + letrozole arm (incidence >2%) were low neutrophils, low leukocytes, abnormal liver function tests, low lymphocytes, and vomiting. Abnormalities were observed in hematology and clinical chemistry laboratory tests.

Please see the Full Prescribing Information for Kisqali, available at https://www.pharma.us.novartis.com/sites/www.pharma.us.novartis.com/files/kisqali.pdf(link is external).

About Novartis
Novartis provides innovative healthcare solutions that address the evolving needs of patients and societies. Headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis offers a diversified portfolio to best meet these needs: innovative medicines, cost-saving generic and biosimilar pharmaceuticals and eye care. Novartis has leading positions globally in each of these areas. In 2016, the Group achieved net sales of USD 48.5 billion, while R&D throughout the Group amounted to approximately USD 9.0 billion. Novartis Group companies employ approximately 118,000 full-time-equivalent associates. Novartis products are sold in approximately 155 countries around the world. For more information, please visit http://www.novartis.com.

Novartis is on Twitter. Sign up to follow @Novartis and @NovartisCancer at http://twitter.com/novartis(link is external) and http://twitter.com/novartiscancer (link is external)
For Novartis multimedia content, please visit www.novartis.com/news/media-library
For questions about the site or required registration, please contact media.relations@novartis.com

References
[1] Kisqali (ribociclib) Prescribing information. East Hanover, New Jersey, USA: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; March 2016.
[2] Novartis Data on File
[3] American Cancer Society. How Common Is Breast Cancer? Available at https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/how-common-is-breast-cancer.html(link is external). Accessed January 23, 2017.
[4] O’Shaughnessy J. Extending survival with chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. The Oncologist. 2005;10(Suppl 3):20-29.

Ribociclib skeletal.svg

рибоциклиб ريبوسيكليب 瑞波西利

Ribociclib « New Drug Approvals

////////////////Novartis,  Kisqali®, ribociclib, LEE011,  FDA 2017, HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, рибоциклиб ريبوسيكليب 瑞波西利


Filed under: cancer, FDA 2017, Uncategorized Tagged: 瑞波西利, FDA 2017, HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer, Kisqali®, LEE011, novartis, рибоциклиб ,, Ribociclib, ريبوسيكليب ,

NEW DRUG APPROVALS BLOG HITS 16 LAKH VIEWS IN 213 COUNTRIES

New paper on Trelagliptin succinate

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Trelagliptin succinate, a novel once-weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, was approved for the Japanese market on March 26, 2015

Trelagliptin exhibited a better potency against human DPP-4 than alogliptin and sitagliptin, along with its excellent selectivity and slow-binding properties that may partially contribute to its sustained efficacy. In phase III clinical studies, once-weekly oral trelagliptin provided long-term safety and efficacy in both monotherapy and combination with other antidiabetic medicines and was proved to be noninferior to its analogue alogliptin used once daily.

2-({6-[(3R)-3-Aminopiperidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl}methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile Monosuccinate (1)

white solid
Mp: 186–188 °C (187.1 °C in literature(x)),
[α]D20 = 16.4 (c 1, DMSO, 16.7 in literature(x)),
1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) δ (ppm):7.79–7.82 (m, 1H), 7.15–7.25 (m, 2H), 5.46 (s, 1H), 5.20–5.32 (m, 2H), 3.35–3.37 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.03–3.06 (m, 1H), 2.74–2.81 (m, 2H), 2.49 (s, 4H), 2.07–2.11 (m, 1H), 1.82–1.89 (m, 1H), 1.65–1.76 (m, 1H), 1.55–1.59 (m, 1H).
MS (ESI+): m/z, 358.24 ([M + H]+).
Anal. (C22H26FN5O6) calcd: C, 55.57; H, 5.51; N, 14.73; found: C, 55.32; H, 5.46; N, 14.62.

Synthesis of Trelagliptin Succinate

State Key Lab of New Drug & Pharmaceutical Process, Shanghai Key Lab of Anti-Infectives, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
Abstract Image

An improved process for the synthesis of antidiabetic drug trelagliptin succinate through unprotected (R)-3-aminopiperidine was described. The impurity profile with different conditions of the key substitution was illustrated, and then the best reaction condition was identified. The optimizations also included the bromination of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile so that the process became efficient and concise.

  • 1.
    Zhang, Z.; Wallace, M. B.; Feng, J.; Stafford, J. A.; Skene, R. J.; Shi, L.; Lee, B.; Aertgeerts, K.; Jennings, A.; Xu, R.; Kassel, D. B.; Kaldor, S. W.; Navre, M.; Webb, D. R.; Gwaltney, S. L.J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 510524, DOI: 10.1021/jm101016w
  • 2.
    Feng, J.; Gwaltney, S. L.; Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors. PCT Int. Appl. WO 2005095381, October 13, 2005.
  • 3.

    Grimshaw, C. E.; Jennings, A.; Kamran, R.; Ueno, H.; Nishigaki, N.; Kosaka, T.; Tani, A.; Sano, H.; Kinugawa, Y.; Koumura, E.; Shi, L.; Takeuchi, K. PLoS One 2016, 11, e0157509, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157509

4.

Once-weekly trelagliptin versus daily alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority study
Inagaki, Nobuya; Onouchi, Hitoshi; Maezawa, Hideaki; Kuroda, Shingo; Kaku, Kohei
Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2015), 3 (3), 191-197 CODEN: LDEAAS; ISSN:2213-8587. (Elsevier Ltd.)
Trelagliptin is a novel once-weekly oral DPP-4 inhibitor. We assessed the efficacy and safety of trelagliptin vs. the daily oral DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. We did a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3, non-inferiority study at 26 sites in Japan.
We included individuals with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by diet and exercise. We randomly assigned patients (2:2:1) to receive trelagliptin (100 mg) once per wk, alogliptin (25 mg) once per day, or placebo for 24 wk. Randomisation was done electronically and independently from the study with permuted blocks of ten patients. Patients and clinicians were masked to group assignment.
Patients in the trelagliptin group were given trelagliptin once a week and oral alogliptin placebo every day, whereas patients in the alogliptin group were given oral trelagliptin placebo once a week and oral alogliptin every day (double-dummy design). Patients in the placebo group were given an oral alogliptin placebo once a day and an oral trelagliptin placebo once a week. Our primary outcome was between-groups difference in change in HbA1c concn. from baseline to the end of treatment. The non-inferiority margin was 0·4%. Our anal. included all patients who were randomised and received at least one dose of study drug. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01632007.
Between May 26, 2012, and Nov 20, 2012, we enrolled 357 patients. 243 patients were included in the anal. (101 for trelagliptin, 92 for alogliptin, and 50 for placebo). In the primary anal., the least squares mean change in HbA1c concn. was -0·33% in the trelagliptin group (SE 0·059) and -0·45% in the alogliptin group (0·061) based on the ANCOVA model. The least squares mean difference (trelagliptin minus alogliptin) of change from baseline in HbA1c concn. was 0·11% (95% CI -0·054 to 0·281). Trelagliptin was non-inferior to alogliptin. Both active groups had significantly reduced mean HbA1c concns. at end of treatment compared with placebo (p<0·0001). The frequency of adverse events was similar between groups. No hypoglycemia was reported with trelagliptin and the drug was well tolerated.
The once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor trelagliptin showed similar efficacy and safety to alogliptin once daily in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Trelagliptin could be a useful new antidiabetes drug that needs to be given once a week.Takeda Pharmaceutical Company.
  • 4.

    Inagaki, N.; Onouchi, H.; Maezawa, H.; Kuroda, S.; Kaku, K. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.2015, 3, 191197, DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70251-7

  • 5.

    Inagaki, N.; Sano, H.; Seki, Y.; Kuroda, S.; Kaku, K. J.Diabetes Investig. 2016, 7, 718726, DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12499

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Filed under: Uncategorized Tagged: Trelagliptin succinate
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