NNC 45-0781

CAS 207277-66-5

• 2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-4-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-, cis-(-)-
• (3S,4R)-3,4-Dihydro-3-phenyl-4-[4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol

2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol, 3,4-dihydro-3-phenyl-4-(4-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy)phenyl)-, (3S,4R)-

• OriginatorNovo Nordisk
• ClassOsteoporosis therapies; Pyrrolidines; Small molecules
• Mechanism of ActionSelective estrogen receptor modulators

PATENT

WO 9818776

WO 9818771

WO 2003063859

A quantitative structure activity relationship study on cis-3,4-diaryl hydroxy chromones as high affinity partial agonists for the estrogen receptor
Chemistry: An Indian Journal (2003), 1, (3), 207-214

SYN 1

EP 0937057; WO 9818771, EP 0937060; WO 9818776

http://www.drugfuture.com/synth/syndata.aspx?ID=268276

Coumarin (III) was prepared by condensation of benzophenone (I) with phenylacetic acid (II) in the presence of Ac2O and Et3N. Reduction of the lactone function of (III) with LiAlH4, followed by acidic treatment furnished diaryl chromene (IV). Subsequent hydrogenation of (IV) over Pd/C gave rise to the racemic cis chromane (V), which was O-alkylated with 1-(2-chloroethyl) pyrrolidine (VI) producing the corresponding (pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy derivative. Resolution by means of active ditoluoyl tartaric acid yielded the desired (-)-enantiomer (VII). Finally, cleavage of the methoxy group using pyridine hydrochloride at 150 C provided the title compound.

PAPER

Bioorg Med Chem 2002,10(1),125

The synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of new tissue-selective estrogens, the cis-3,4-diaryl-hydroxy-chromanes, is described.

(-)-(3S,4R)-7-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-4-(4-(2-pyrrolidinoethoxy)phenyl)chromane (3,=9a).

colorless powder 3, which contained 0.25 mol equiv of ethanol of crystallization; 0.90 g (27% yield),

mp 221–223 C.

1 H NMR (DMSOd6, 400 MHz) d: 1.60–1.73 (m, 4H), 2.40–2.50 (m, 4H), 2.69 (t, 2H), 3.47–3.57 (m, 1H), 3.92 (t, 2H), 4.14–4.25 (m, 2H), 4.32 (dd, 1H), 6.27 (dd, 1H), 6.30 (d, 1H), 6.44 (d, 2H), 6.60 (d, 2H), 6.65 (d, 1H), 6.70–6.80 (m, 2H), 7.09–7.20 (m, 3H), 9.25 (s, 1H).

MS (EI): 415 (M+), 84. HR-MS; calcd for C27H30NO3 (M+H+) 416.2225, found 416.2198. HR-MS; calcd for C28H32NO3 (M+H+) 430.2382, found 430.2376.

Chiral HPLC: Chiradex A, 5m, 2504 mm (Merck) column; eluent, 6:4 methanol/0.2% aqueous triethylammonium acetate buffer, pH=5.2; flow, 0.5 mL/min; UV 220 nm; Rt=19.2 min, >98%ee. Elemental analysis; calcd for C27H29NO3 0.25C2H5OH; C, 77.35; H, 7.20; N, 3.28%; found C, 77.39; H, 7.29; N, 3.12%. [a] 20 D=283 (c=1.004% in ethanol/3M HCl, 80:20). P.

PAPER

A highly enantioselective method for quick access to dihydrocoumarins is reported. The reaction involves a cooperative catalytic process with carbene and in situ generated Brønsted acid as the catalysts. α-Chloro aldehyde and readily available and stable o-hydroxybenzhydryl amine substrates were used to generate reactive azolium ester enolate and ortho-quinone methide (o-QM) intermediates, respectively, to form dihydrocoumarins with exceptionally high diastereo- and enantioselectivities. The catalytic reaction products can be easily transformed to valuable pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules.

Carbene and Acid Cooperative Catalytic Reactions of Aldehydes and o-Hydroxybenzhydryl Amines for Highly Enantioselective Access to Dihydrocoumarins

Xingkuan Chen^† , Runjiang Song^†, Yingguo Liu^†, Chong Yih Ooi^†, Zhichao Jin^†‡, Tingshun Zhu^† , Hongling Wang^†‡, Lin Hao^†, and Yonggui Robin Chi^*†‡ 

^† Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371

^‡ Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People’s Republic of China

Org. Lett., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02883

Publication Date (Web): October 25, 2017

Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

*E-mail: robinchi@ntu.edu.sg.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02883/suppl_file/ol7b02883_si_001.pdf

/////////////NNC 45-0781

c1ccc(cc1)[C@H]2COc3cc(ccc3[C@H]2c4ccc(cc4)OCCN5CCCC5)O

Abstract

SIMILAR IN LIT

• (-)-Nornuciferidine
•  112494-69-6
  Molecular Weight297.35, C₁₈ H₁₉ N O₃

  4H-​Dibenzo[de,​g]​quinolin-​7-​ol, 5,​6,​6a,​7-​tetrahydro-​1,​2-​dimethoxy-​, (6aS-​cis)​-

  S S ISOMER

  http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00007/suppl_file/ol5b00007_si_001.pdf

  Synthetic Studies of 7-Oxygenated Aporphine Alkaloids: Preparation of (−)-Oliveroline, (−)-Nornuciferidine, and Derivatives

  Angela F. Ku† and Gregory D. Cuny^*‡

  ^†Department of Chemistry and ^‡Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Science and Research Building 2, Rm 549A, Houston, Texas 77204, United States

  Org. Lett., 2015, 17 (5), pp 1134–1137

  DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00007

  *E-mail: gdcuny@central.uh.edu.

  Abstract

  7-Oxygenated aporphines 1–6 possessing anti-configurations have previously been reported. In order to explore their bioactivities, a synthesis was established by utilizing a diastereoselective reductive acid-mediated cyclization followed by palladium-catalyzed ortho-arylations. Moderate XPhos precatalyst loading (10 mol %) and short reaction times (30 min) were sufficient to mediate the arylations. Alkaloids 1–5 were successfully prepared, while (−)-artabonatine A was revised to syn-isomer 30. Consequently, (−)-artabonatine E likely also has a syn-configuration (31).

///////////AK-2-202, 

GSK2248761A , IDX899, Fosdevirine,

Fosdevirine; IDX899; IDX-899; GSK2248761; cas 1018450-26-4; GSK-2248761, IDX 12899

[R(P)]-(2-Carbamoyl-5-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)[3-(2-cyanovinyl)-5-methylphenyl]phosphinic acid methyl ester

Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection

Idenix (Originator)

Fosdevirine, also known as GSK2248761 and IDX899, a Highly Potent Anti-HIV Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor having an EC50 of 11 nM against the Y181C/K103N double mutant. GSK2248761 is a novel, once-daily (QD), next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) with activity against efavirenz-resistant strains. GSK2248761 at 100 to 800 mg QD for 7 days was well tolerated, demonstrated potent antiviral activity in treatment-naive HIV-infected subjects, and had favorable PK and resistance profiles. GSK2248761 is no longer in clinical development.

IDX-12899 is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) originated by Idenix (acquired by Merck & Co.). It had been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of HIV infection. However, in 2010, the compound was placed on clinical hold by the FDA. In 2009, the compound was licensed by Idenix to GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of HIV infection on a worldwide basis.

PATENT

WO2008/042240 A2, 2008, Compound III

compound 66a: racemic form

5-chloro-3-[ methyl 3-((Zζ)-2-cyanovinyl)-5-methylphenyl] phosphinoyl-l//-indole-2- carboxamide.

[00258] Compound 66a was synthesized according to method AL. White solid, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 300 MHz) δ 2.40 (s, 3H), 3.88 (d, J= 11.7 Hz, 3H), 5.89 (d, J= 16.5 Hz, IH), 5.97 (brs, IH), 7.33-7.67 (m, 7H), 10.46 (s, IH), 10.89 (brs, IH), ³¹P NMR (CDCl₃, 121.49 MHz) δ 31.54. MS (ES⁺) m/z = 414 (MH⁺).

Example 8

Preparation of Compound HI

305

1 (-)cιnchonιdιne, Acetone

2 1N HCI₁ EtOAc

Compound 302

[00348] A suitable reactor was charged Compound 301 (10Og, 0.23mol) and tetrahydrofuran (IL). The resulting solution was chilled between -90° to -100°C under nitrogen using a LN₂ / IPA slush bath, then was treated with n-butyl lithium (2.5M in Hexanes, 99ml, 0.25mol) added over 10 minutes. To this was added diethyl chlorophosphite (37.1g, 0.24mol) over 10 minutes. HPLC (Method 001, RT = 18.9 min) showed no starting material and ca. 85% product. The reaction was then diluted with ethyl acetate (IL) and was allowed to warm to -4O⁰C. The mix was then treated with hydrochloric acid (0.5M, 590ml) and was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stir for 30 minutes. The resulting layers were separated and the aqueous extracted with ethyl acetate (500ml). The organics were combined and washed with brine (500ml) dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to an oil. 88% HPLC AUC (Method 20, RT = 5.8 min) 115g, >100% yield due to impurities and solvent. Used as is in the next step. Compound 303

[00349] A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 302 (111 g, estimated 0.18mol), iodocinnamonitrile (47.1g, 0.175mol), triethylamine (29.3ml, 0.21mol) and toluene (800ml). The resulting mix was degassed by sparging with a stream of nitrogen for 10 minutes at ambient temperature, after which time tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(O) (10. Ig, 0.0088mol) was added. The mix was sparged for an additional 5 minutes, then was heated to 80°C for 2 hours. HPLC (Method 20, RT = 6.5 min) showed a complete reaction. The mix was cooled to ambient and was filtered through celite and washed with ethyl acetate (400ml). The combined organics were washed with brine (2 x 500ml) then dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to a volume of 350ml. The concentrate was cooled to O⁰C and was stirred for 1 hour, during which time the product crystallized. The solids were filtered and washed with hexane:toluene (2:1, 150ml). Dried to leave 95g, 90% yield, HPLC AUC 98% (Method 20). Used as is in the next reaction. [00350] 303: C₂₉H₂₆ClN₂O₆PS 597.02gmol^“‘ m/z (ESI+): 597.0 (MH⁺, 100%), 599.0 (MH⁺, 35%) ¹H NMR δ_H (400 MHz, CDCl₃): 1.38, 1.48 (2 x 3H, 2 x t, COOCH₂CH₃, POOCH₂CH₃), 2.41 (3Η, s, Ar-CH₃), 4.09-4.16 (2Η, m, POOCH₂CH₃), 4.52 (2H, q, COOCH₂CH₃), 5.93 (IH, d, CH=CHCN), 7.33-7.38 (3Η, m, CH=CHCN, 2 x Ar-H), 7.52 (2Η, t, 2 x Ar-H), 7.64 (1Η, t, Ar-H), 7.74, 7.77 (2 x 1Η, 2 x d, 2 x Ar-H), 7.85 (1Η, d, Ar- H), 7.94 (1Η, dd, Ar-H), 8.08 (2Η, d, 2 x Ar-H) ¹H NMR δ_H (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 1.26, 1.33 (2 x 3H, 2 x t, COOCH₂CH₃, POOCH₂CH₃), 2.34 (3Η, s, Ar-CH₃), 3.95-4.10 (2Η, m, POOCH₂CH₃), 4.40 (2H, q, COOCH₂CH₃), 6.52 (IH, d, CH=CHCN), 7.52 (1Η, dd, Ar-H), 7.60-7.84 (8Η, m, CH=CHCN, 7 x Ar-H), 8.07 (3 x 1Η, m, 3 x Ar-H)

Compound 304

[003511 A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 303 (537g, 0.90mol) and methylene chloride (2.0L). The resulting solution was cooled to O⁰C, and was treated with bromotrimethylsilane (45Og, 2.9mol) added over 15 minutes. The reaction was then warmed to 40⁰C for 1.5 hours. ΗPLC (Method 20, RT = 4.4 min) indicated a complete reaction. The excess TMSBr was stripped under vacuum (40 – 45°C) and the resulting sticky solid was resuspended in DCM (2.5L) and chilled to 0⁰C. Oxalyl chloride (156ml, 1.8mol) was added over 15 minutes, followed by N,N-dimethylformamide (13.7ml, 0.18mol) both added at O⁰C. Gas evolution was observed during the DMF addition. After 1 hour, ΗPLC (Method 20, RT = 6.2 min, sample quenched with anhydrous methanol prior to injection) showed a complete reaction. The solvents were stripped again to remove residual oxalyl chloride and the mix resuspended in chilled methanol (3.0L) at 0° – 5°C, and then was allowed to warm to ambient. After two hours, HPLC indicated a complete reaction (HPLC Method 20, RT = 6.2 min). The solution was concentrated to a volume of 1.5L, and the resulting thin slurry was cooled to 0°C, and was diluted with an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate (126g, 3L water). After 2 hours at 5⁰C, the product was filtered and washed with cold water / methanol (2:1, 1.5L) then dried to leave 50Og Compound 304. HPLC (Method 20) purity 92% used as is.

Compound 305

[00352] A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 304 (ca. 28Og, 0.48mol) and tetrahydrofuran (2.8L). The resulting solution was then cooled to 5°C and was treated with lithium hydroxide monohydrate (45g, 1.07mol) added in one portion. The reaction was allowed to warm to ambient, during which time the color lightened and a white precipitate formed. After overnight stirring, HPLC indicated an incomplete reaction (Method 20, product RT = 4.3, partially deprotected RT = 5.1, major impurity RT = 3.8). An additional 10% LiOH-H₂O was added, but after 10 hours, the partially deprotected intermediate remained at 5%, and the impurity peak at 3.8 minutes had increased to ca. 25%. The reaction was cooled to 5⁰C and was acidified with hydrochloric acid (5N, 280ml) then was diluted with ethyl acetate (2L). The layers were separated and the aqueous extracted with ethyl acetate (500ml). The combined organics were washed with brine (IL) and dried with sodium sulfate, then concentrated to leave a crude oily solid, Compound 305. Ca. 300g, HPLC AUC 57%.

[00353] The crude product was taken up in acetonitrile (1.2L) at 4O⁰C, and the product triturated w/ water (1.2L). The resulting slurry was cooled to 5⁰C and was allowed to granulate for 30 minutes, after which time the product was filtered and washed with ACN:H₂O (1 :1, 100 ml). Ca. 103g, 88% by HPLC. The product was then recrystallized from 360ml ACN at 40⁰C and 360ml water as before. Filtered, washed and dried to leave 75g Compound 305. HPLC AUC 97%. Used as is in the next step.

Compound 306 (chiral resolution)

[00354] A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 305 (28Og, 0.66mol) and acetone (4.2L). The resulting thin slurry was then treated with (-)-cinchonidine (199g, 0.66mol) added in one portion. After one hour, a solution had formed, and after an additional hour, a white solid precipitated, and the mix was left to stir for an additional two hours (four hours total) after which time the solids were filtered, washed with acetone (200ml) and dried to leave 199g Crude Compound 306 cinchonidine salt. HPLC showed an isomer ratio of 96:4.

[00355] The crude salt was then slurried in ethyl acetate (3L) and hydrochloric acid (IN, 3L). The two phase solution was vigorously stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The layers were separated, and the aqueous extracted with ethyl acetate (3L). The organics were combined, dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrated to leave the free base Compound 306, 107g, 95:5 by chiral HPLC.

[00356] The crude Compound 306 was then suspended in acetone (1.07L) and treated with (-)-cinchonidine (76g, 0.26 mol.) After 4 hours total stir time (as above) the solids were filtered, washed with acetone (200ml) and dried to leave 199g of the salt. HPLC 98.6:1.4.

[00357] The salt was broken by dissolving in ethyl acetate (3L) and hydrochloric acid (IN, 3L). The two phase solution was stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature. The layers were separated, and the aqueous extracted with ethyl acetate (2L). The organics were combined, dried with sodium sulfate, and concentrated to leave the free base Compound 306, 98g, 98.6:1.4 by chiral HPLC. 70% recovery of the desired isomer, 35% yield from the racemic Compound 306. #6: C₂₀H₁₆ClN₂O₄P 414.78gmol^“‘ m/z (ESI+): 415.1 (MH⁺, 100%), 417.0 (MH⁺, 35%) [α]_D ²⁵ : -47.51 (c, 10.66mgml^“‘ in EtOAc) [Opposite enantiomer [α]_D ²⁵ : +47.26 (c, 9.60mgml^“‘ in EtOAc)] ¹H NMR δ_H (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 2.33 (3 H, s, Ar-CH₃), 3.71 (3H, d, CH₃OP), 6.50 (1Η, d, CH=CHCN), 7.36 (1Η, dd, H-6), 7.57 (1Η, d, H-I), 7.66-7.71 (2Η, m, H-4, Ar-H_orth_o), 7.67 (1Η, d, CH=CHCN), 7.84 (IH, d, Ar-H_ortho), 7.98 (1Η, s, Ar-H_para), 12.97 (1Η, s, N-H), 14.38 (1Η, br-s, COOH) Multiple δc values indicate splitting of carbon signal due to P. ¹³C NMR δc (100 MHz, d6-DMSO): 20.68 (Ar-CH₃), 51.70 (CH₃OP), 98.15 (CH=CHCN), 102.33, 103.85, 1 14.98, 120.91 (3 x Q, 118.47 (CN), 125.39 (C), 126.78 (Q, 127.74, 127.86 (C- H_ortho), 129.78, 129.88 (Q, 131.25 (Q, 132.06 (Q, 133.44, 133.55 (Q, 133.89, 134.05 (Q, 134.62, 134.75 (Q, 135.47, 135.66 (Q, 138.78, 138.91 (Q, 149.62 (CH=CHCN), 160.40 (C=O) ³¹P NMR δ_P (162 MHz, d6-DMSO): 33.50 (IP, s)

Compound HI

[00358] A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 306 (0.63g, O.OOHmol) and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (10ml.) The mix was treated with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (0.47g, 0.0028mol) added in one portion, and the mix was allowed to stir at ambient temperature until gas evolution ceased (ca. 1.5 hours.) The solution was then cooled to 5⁰C, and was sparged with ammonia gas for 5 minutes. HPLC (Method 20, product RT=5.0 min) showed a complete reaction after one hour at ambient. The reaction was quenched by the addition of 1Og crushed ice, and was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the DME. The resulting slurry was stirred for one hour at 5⁰C to granulate the product. The solids were filtered and dried to leave pure Compound III ((2-Carbamoyl-5-chloro-4-fluoro-lH-indol-3- yl)-[3-((E)-2-cyano-vinyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]-(S)-phosphinic acid methyl ester) as a white solid 0.56g, 89% yield. HPLC (Method 20) chemical purity 98.5%. Chiral purity 97%. [00359] A suitable reactor was charged with Compound 306 (1Og, 0.024mol) and 1,2- dimethoxyethane (150ml). The mix was treated with 1,1-carbonyldiimidazole (7.8g, 0.048mol) added in one portion, and the mix was allowed to stir at ambient temperature until gas evolution ceased. The solution was then cooled to 5°C, and was sparged with ammonia gas for 5 minutes. HPLC (Method 20, product RT=5.0 min) showed a complete reaction after one hour. The reaction was quenched by the addition of lOOg crushed ice, and was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the DME. The resulting oily solid (in water) was diluted with methanol (20ml) and stirred for one hour at 5⁰C to granulate the product. The solids were filtered and dried to leave pure Compound III ((2-Carbamoyl-5- chloro-4-fluoro-lH-indol-3-yl)-[3-((E)-2-cyano-vinyl)-5-methyl-phenyI]-(S)-phosphinic acid methyl ester). 9.8g, 98% yield. HPLC (Method 20) chemical purity 99.5%. Chiral purity 94.3%.

Compound III: C₂₀Hi₇ClN₃O₃P 413.79gmol^“‘ m/z (ESI+): 414.1 (MH⁺, 100%), 416.1 (MH⁺, 35%)

v_max (KBr disc) (cm^“1) 1620.0 (amide I), 1670.6 (amide II), 2218.7 (CN), 3125.5, 3291.9 (N-H)

[α]_D ²⁰ : -75.08 (c, 9.04mgmr’ in CHCl₃)

m.p.: 144- 148⁰C transition to opaque semi-solid, 209-210⁰C melts

Elemental analysis: C₂₀H₁₇ClN₃O₃P calculated C 58.05%, H 4.14%, N 10.15%, Cl 8.57%, P 7.49%. Found C 58.13%, H 4.08%, N 10.16%, Cl 8.69%, P 7.44% 

¹H NMR δ_H (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 2.32 (3H, s, Ar-CH₃), 3.74 (3Η, d, CH₃OP), 6.52 (1Η, d, CH=CHCN), 7.30 (1Η, dd, H-6), 7.53-7.58 (3Η, m, H-4, H-7, H-6′), 7.68 (1Η, d, CH=CHCN), 7.73 (IH, s, H-4′), 7.75 (1Η, d, H-2′), 8.02, 10.15 (2 x 1Η, 2 x s, NH₂), 12.80 (1Η, s, N-H) Multiple δ_c values indicate splitting of carbon signal due to P. 

¹³C NMR δ_c(100 MHz, d6-DMSO): 20.77 (Ar-CH₃), 51.75, 51.81 (CH₃OP), 98.39, 98.91 (C-3), 98.44 (CH=CHCN), 1 15.05 (C-7), 1 18.53 (CN), 119.96 (C-4), 124.73 (C-6), 126.68 (C-5), 127.15, 127.26 (C-2′), 129.25, 129.35 (C-9), 131.37 (C-4′), 132.45, 134.04 (C-I ‘), 132.69, 132.80 (C-6′), 133.92 (C-8), 134.30, 134.44 (C-3′), 139.33, 139.46 (C-5’), 139.96, 140.17 (C-2), 149.55 (CH=CHCN), 160.65 (C=O)

 ³¹P NMR δ_P (162 MHz, d6-DMSO): 33.72 (IP, s)

PATENT

http://www.google.ch/patents/WO2009120914A1?cl=en&hl=de

(2-carbamoyl-5-chloro-lH-indol-3-yl)-[3-((E)-2-cyano-vinyl)-5-methyl-phenyl]- (7?)-phosphinic acid methyl ester (I):

Figure 7 provides an infrared spectrum of Form I.

Paper

Development of an Efficient Manufacturing Process to GSK2248761A API

Celine Bret^†§, Elaine Smith^†, Erica Vit^†§, Jerome F. Hayes^*† , John D. Hayler^† , Alan Ironmonger^†, David Pascoe^†, Neil Hodnett^†, Jonathan Stanway^†, Stephen Etridge^†, Alistair Stewart^‡⊥, Jingyang Wang^‡⊥, Benjamin A. Mayes^‡⊥, and Adel Moussa^‡⊥

^† GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Center, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K.

^‡ Merck & Co. Inc., 126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00357

*E-mail: Jerome.Hayes@gsk.com.

Amidation of indole 2-carboxylate 1 with ammonia gas via the imidazolide 2 gave GSK2248761A API 3, which was in development for the treatment of HIV. Three significant impurities, namely the phosphinic acid 4, the N-acyl urea 8, and the indoloyl carboxamide 6, were formed during the reaction, and the original process was unable to produce API within clinical specification when run at scale. Investigation into the origin, fate, and control of these impurities led to a new process which was able to produce API within clinical specification.

Development and Scale-Up of a Manufacturing Route for the Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor GSK2248761A (IDX-899): Synthesis of an Advanced Key Chiral Intermediate

Richard Bellingham^†§, Gary Borrett^†, Guillaume Bret^†§, Bernadette Choudary^†§, David Colclough^†§, Jerome Hayes^† , John Hayler^† , Neil Hodnett^†, Alan Ironmonger^*†, Augustine Ochen^†, David Pascoe^†, John Richardson^†§, Erica Vit^†§, François-René Alexandre^‡ , Catherine Caillet^‡∥, Agnès Amador^‡∥, Stéphanie Bot^‡, Séverine Bonaric^‡∥, Daniel da Costa^‡, Marie-Pierre Lioure^‡, Arlène Roland^‡∥, Elodie Rosinovsky^‡∥, Christophe Parsy^‡∥, and Cyril B. Dousson^‡

^† GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.

^‡ Merck & Co., Inc.,126 East Lincoln Avenue, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States

Org. Process Res. Dev., Article ASAP

DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00356

*E-mail: Alan.2.Ironmonger@gsk.com.

Abstract

A new and improved synthetic route to an intermediate in the synthesis of the phosphinate ester GSK2248761A is described. In the key step, we describe the first process-scale example of a palladium-catalyzed phosphorus–carbon coupling to give the entire backbone of GSK2248761A in one telescoped stage in 65% average yield on a 68 kg scale. This unusual chemistry enabled the route to be reduced from six chemistry stages to four and eliminated a number of environmentally unfriendly reagents and solvents.

REFERENCES

1: Dousson C, Alexandre FR, Amador A, Bonaric S, Bot S, Caillet C, Convard T, da Costa D, Lioure MP, Roland A, Rosinovsky E, Maldonado S, Parsy C, Trochet C, Storer R, Stewart A, Wang J, Mayes BA, Musiu C, Poddesu B, Vargiu L, Liuzzi M, Moussa A, Jakubik J, Hubbard L, Seifer M, Standring D. Discovery of the Aryl-phospho-indole IDX899, a Highly Potent Anti-HIV Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. J Med Chem. 2016 Feb 3. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 26804933.

2: Margolis DA, Eron JJ, DeJesus E, White S, Wannamaker P, Stancil B, Johnson M. Unexpected finding of delayed-onset seizures in HIV-positive, treatment-experienced subjects in the Phase IIb evaluation of fosdevirine (GSK2248761). Antivir Ther. 2014;19(1):69-78. doi: 10.3851/IMP2689. Epub 2013 Oct 24. PubMed PMID: 24158593.

3: Ölgen S. Recent development of new substituted indole and azaindole derivatives as anti-HIV agents. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2013 Oct;13(12):1700-8. Review. PubMed PMID: 23895189.

4: Castellino S, Groseclose MR, Sigafoos J, Wagner D, de Serres M, Polli JW, Romach E, Myer J, Hamilton B. Central nervous system disposition and metabolism of Fosdevirine (GSK2248761), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: an LC-MS and Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging MS investigation into central nervous system toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Feb 18;26(2):241-51. doi: 10.1021/tx3004196. Epub 2012 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 23227887.

5: Zala C, St Clair M, Dudas K, Kim J, Lou Y, White S, Piscitelli S, Dumont E, Pietropaolo K, Zhou XJ, Mayers D. Safety and efficacy of GSK2248761, a next-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012 May;56(5):2570-5. doi: 10.1128/AAC.05597-11. Epub 2012 Feb 6. PubMed PMID: 22314532; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3346662.

6: Piscitelli S, Kim J, Gould E, Lou Y, White S, de Serres M, Johnson M, Zhou XJ, Pietropaolo K, Mayers D. Drug interaction profile for GSK2248761, a next generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;74(2):336-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04194.x. PubMed PMID: 22288567; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3630753.

7: La Regina G, Coluccia A, Silvestri R. Looking for an active conformation of the future HIV type-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2010 Aug 11;20(6):213-37. doi: 10.3851/IMP1607. Review. PubMed PMID: 20710063.

8: Klibanov OM, Kaczor RL. IDX-899, an aryl phosphinate-indole non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for the potential treatment of HIV infection. Curr Opin Investig Drugs. 2010 Feb;11(2):237-45. Review. PubMed PMID: 20112173.

9: Zhou XJ, Garner RC, Nicholson S, Kissling CJ, Mayers D. Microdose pharmacokinetics of IDX899 and IDX989, candidate HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, following oral and intravenous administration in healthy male subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;49(12):1408-16. doi: 10.1177/0091270009343698. Epub 2009 Sep 23. PubMed PMID: 19776293.

10: Zhou XJ, Pietropaolo K, Damphousse D, Belanger B, Chen J, Sullivan-Bólyai J, Mayers D. Single-dose escalation and multiple-dose safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of IDX899, a candidate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 May;53(5):1739-46. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01479-08. Epub 2009 Feb 17. PubMed PMID: 19223643; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2681571.

11: Mascolini M, Larder BA, Boucher CA, Richman DD, Mellors JW. Broad advances in understanding HIV resistance to antiretrovirals: report on the XVII International HIV Drug Resistance Workshop. Antivir Ther. 2008;13(8):1097-113. PubMed PMID: 19195337.

12: Dalton P. Two new NNRTIs enter the pipeline. Proj Inf Perspect. 2008 Sep;(46):13. PubMed PMID: 19048672.

13: Sweeney ZK, Klumpp K. Improving non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors for first-line treatment of HIV infection: the development pipeline and recent clinical data. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2008 Jul;11(4):458-70. Review. PubMed PMID: 18600563.

/////////////GSK2248761A , IDX899, Fosdevirine, PHASE 2

CC1=CC(=CC(=C1)C=CC#N)P(=O)(C2=C(NC3=C2C=C(C=C3)Cl)C(=O)N)OC

A study from the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found the natural decline in lung function over a 10-year period was slower among former smokers with a diet high in tomatoes and fruits, especially apples, suggesting certain components in these foods might help restore lung damage caused by smoking.The researchers found that adults…

via Diet rich in tomatoes and apples may help restore lung damage caused by smoking — Med-Chemist

DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, Novel Drug Approvals for 2017, A Review Compilation (USFDA, EMA).

Any errors in this compilation, email  amcrasto@gmail.com, Call +919323115463

Some gaps will be filled up soon keep watching……………..

INDEX, NAME (click on the title,  it contains link)

SECTION A; USFDA Approvals

1 Abaloparatide

2 Abemaciclib

3 ACALABRUTINIB

4 ANGIOTENSIN II

5 AVELUMAB

6 BENRALIZUMAB

7 BENZNIDAZOLE

8 BETRIXABAN

9 BRIGATINIB

10 BRODALUMAB

11 CERLIPONASE ALPA

12 COPANLISIB

13 DEFLAZACORT

14 Delafloxacin

15 Deutetrabenazine

16DUPILUMAB

17 DURVALUMAB

18 EDAVARONE

19 EMICIZUMAB

20 Enasidenib

21 ERTUGLIFLOZIN

22 ETELCALCETIDE

23 GLECAPREVIR

24 GUSELKUMAB

25 INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN

26 LATANOPROSTENE

27 LETERMOVIR

28 MACIMORELIN ACETATE

29 MEROPENEM

30 MIDOSTAURIN

31 NALDEMEDINE

32 NERATINIB

33 NETARSUDIL

34 NIRAPARIB

35 Ocrelizumab

36 OZENOXACIN

37 PIBRENTASVIR

38 PLECANATIDE

39 RIBOCICLIB

40  SARILUMAB

41 SECNIDAZOLE

42 SAFINAMIDE

43 SEMAGLUTIDE

44 SOFOSBUVIR

45 TELOTRISTAT ETHYL

46 VABORBACTAM

47 VALBENAZINE

48 VESTRONIDASE ALFA-VJBK

49 VELPATASVIR

50 VOXILAPREVIR

INDEX, FORMULATION NAME

USFDA

•Aliqopa (COPANLISIB) to treat adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma — a slow-growing type of nonHodgkin lymphoma (a cancer of the lymph system) — who have received at least two prior systemic therapies;

• ALUNBRIG, BRIGATINIB, To treat patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib

• Austedo, Deutetrabenazine For the treatment of chorea associated with Huntington’s disease

• Bavencio (avelumab) for the treatment of patients 12 years and older with a rare and aggressive form of cancer called metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma, including those who have not received prior chemotherapy;

•BAXDELLA, Delafloxacin, BACTERIAL INFECTIONS

• Benznidazole to treat children ages 2 to 12 years with Chagas disease, a parasitic infection that can cause serious heart illness after years of infection, and can also affect swallowing and digestion. This is the first treatment approved in the United States for this rare disease;

• Besponsa (inotuzumab ozogamicin) for the treatment of adults with a type of cancer of the blood called relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia;

•BEVYXXA, BETRIXABAN, For the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adult patients hospitalized for an acute medical illness

• BRINEURA, CERLIPONASE ALFA, To treat a specific form of Batten disease

• Calquence (ACALABRUTINIB) to treat adults with mantle cell lymphoma who have received at least one prior therapy. Mantle cell lymphoma is a particularly aggressive cancer;

• DUPIXENT, (DUPILUMAB) To treat adults with moderate-to-severe eczema (atopic dermatitis)

• Emflaza (deflazacort) to treat patients age 5 years and older with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle deterioration and weakness;

• FASENRA, BENRALIZUMAB, For add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 12 years and older, and with an eosinophilic phenotype

• Giapreza (angiotensin II), for the treatment of hypotension in adults with distributive or vasodilatory shock (dangerously low blood pressure despite adequate heart function) whose blood pressure remains low despite receiving fluids and treatment with drugs called vasopressors;

•  HEMLIBRA EMICIZUMAB To prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in adult and pediatric patients with hemophilia A who have developed antibodies called Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors.

• Idhifa (enasidenib) for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia, a form of blood cancer, who have a specific genetic mutation;

• IMFINZI, DURVALUMAB To treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma

• Ingrezza (valbenazine) to treat adults with tardive dyskinesia, a side effect of some antipsychotic medications whereby patients can experience uncontrollable stiff, jerky movements of their face and body, and other uncontrolled movements such as eye-blinking, sticking out the tongue, and arm-waving;

•  KEVZARA SARILUMAB, RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

• KISQALI, RIBOCICLIB, To treat postmenopausal women with a type of advanced breast cancer

• Macrilen  macimorelin acetate, For the diagnosis of adult growth hormone deficiency

• Mavyret (glecaprevir and pibrentasvir) to treat adults with chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 without cirrhosis (liver disease) or with mild cirrhosis, including patients with moderate to severe kidney disease, as well as those who are on hemodialysis;

• Mepsevii (vestronidase alfa-vjbk) to treat patients with Sly syndrome or mucopolysaccharidosis type 7 – a rare genetic disorder where an enzyme deficiency results in skeletal abnormalities, developmental delay, enlarged liver and spleen, and narrowed airways, which can lead to respiratory infections;

• Nerlynx (neratinib) for the extended adjuvant treatment — a form of therapy administered after an initial treatment to further lower the risk of the cancer coming back — of early-stage, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer;

• OCREVUS, OCRELIZUMAB, To treat patients with relapsing and primary progressive forms of multiple sclerosis

• OZEMPIC SEMAGLUTIDE To improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

•PARSABIV, ETELCALCETIDE, To treat secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis

• Prevymis (letermovir) for prevention of an infection called cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients who are receiving a bone marrow transplant. CMV disease can cause serious health issues in these patients;

• Radicava (edaravone) to treat patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, a rare disease that attacks and kills the nerve cells that control voluntary muscles;

• RHOPRESSA, NETARSUDIL,  To treat glaucoma or ocular hypertension

• Rydapt (midostaurin) to treat adults newly diagnosed with a form of blood cancer known as acute myeloid leukemia who have a specific genetic mutation called FLT3, in combination with chemotherapy;

• Siliq (brodalumab) to treat adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, a chronic disorder in which the body’s immune system sends out faulty signals that speed growth of skin cells that then accumulate, causing red, flaky patches that can appear anywhere on the body;

•SOLOSEC, SECNIDAZOLE To treat bacterial vaginosis

•  STEGLATRO ERTUGLIFLOZIN To improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Symproic (Naldemedine) for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in adults with chronic noncancer pain; • Tremfya (guselkumab) for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis;

• Trulance (plecanatide) to treat adults with chronic idiopathic constipation, which is a persistent condition of constipation due to unknown origin;

• TYMLOS, Abaloparatide, To treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture or those who have failed other therapies

• Vabomere (vaborbactam and meropenem) for treatment of adults with complicated urinary tract infections, including pyelonephritis (kidney infection) caused by bacteria;

• Verzenio (abemaciclib) to treat adults who have hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer that has progressed after taking therapy that alters a patient’s hormones (endocrine therapy);

• Vosevi (sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir) to treat adults with chronic hepatitis C virus genotypes 1-6 without cirrhosis (liver disease) or with mild cirrhosis;

• VYZULTA LATANOPROSTENE To treat intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

• Xadago (safinamide) as an add-on treatment for patients with Parkinson’s disease who are currently taking levodopa/carbidopa and experiencing “off” episodes;

• XERMELO, TELOTRISTAT ETHYL combined with somatostatin analog (SSA) therapy to treat adults with carcinoid syndrome diarrhea that SSA therapy alone has inadequately controlled, and;

• XEPI OZENOXACIN TO TREAT IMPETIGO

•XERMELO, TELOTRISTAT ETHYL, To treat carcinoid syndrome diarrhea

• Zejula (niraparib) for the maintenance treatment (intended to delay cancer growth) of adults with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, whose tumors have completely or partially shrunk (complete or partial response, respectively) in response to platinum-based chemotherapy

USFDA

* This information is currently accurate. In rare instances, it may be necessary for FDA to change a drug’s new molecular entity (NME) designation or the status of its application as a novel new biologics license application (BLA).  For instance, new information may become available which could lead to a reconsideration of the original designation or status.  If changes must be made to a drug’s designation or the status of an application as a novel BLA, the Agency intends to communicate the nature of, and the reason for, any revisions as appropriate.

1 Abaloparatide

RADIUS

Tymlos

FDA 4/28/2017

To treat osteoporosis in postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture or those who have failed other therapies
Drug Trials Snapshot

link……..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/02/13/abaloparatide-%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF-%E5%B7%B4%E7%BD%97%E6%97%81/

2 Abemaciclib

ELI LILLY

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2015/10/19/abemaciclib-bemaciclib/

3 Acalabrutinib

LINK……….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/02/02/acalabrutinib-acp-196-%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1-%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8-%E9%98%BF/

4 Angiotensin II

LA JOLLA

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/12/22/fda-approves-drug-giapreza-angiotensin-ii-to-treat-dangerously-low-blood-pressure/

5 AVELUMAB

MERCK

LINK…..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/03/24/fda-approves-first-treatment-bavencio-avelumabfor-rare-form-of-skin-cancer/

6 BENRALIZUMAB

ASTRA ZENECA

Fasenra benralizumab

FDA 11/14/2017

For add-on maintenance treatment of patients with severe asthma aged 12 years and older, and with an eosinophilic phenotype
Drug Trials Snapshot

7 Benznidazole

CHEMO RESEARCH

LINK…https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/08/30/fda-approves-first-u-s-treatment-benznidazole-for-chagas-disease/

8 BETRIXABAN

PORTOLA PHARMA

LINK…….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/03/05/phase-3-portola-pharma-betrixaban-long-acting-oral-direct-factor-xa-inhibitor/

9 BRIGATINIB

TAKEDA

LINK..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/01/20/brigatinib-%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8-%E5%B8%83%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BF%E5%B0%BC/

10 BRODALUMAB

VALEANT PHARMA

LINK ,,,,https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/02/16/fda-approves-new-psoriasis-drug-siliq-brodalumab/

11 CERLIPONASE ALFA

LINK….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/04/28/fda-approves-first-treatment-for-a-form-of-batten-disease-brineura-cerliponase-alfa/

12 Copanlisib

LINK…..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/11/20/copanlisib/

13  DEFLAZACORT

MARATHON PHARMA

LINK……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/02/17/deflazacort/

14 DELAFLOXACIN

LINK……..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/01/25/delafloxacin/

15 Deutetrabenazine

TEVA

LINK……………https://newdrugapprovals.org/2015/08/15/sd-809-deutetrabenazine-nda-submitted-by-teva/

16 DUPILUMAB

SANOFI/REGENERON

LINK…….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/03/29/fda-approves-new-eczema-drug-dupixent-dupilumab/

17 DURVALUMAB

ASTRA ZENECA

Imfinzi

durvalumab FDA 5/1/2017To treat patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Web Post
Drug Trials Snapshot

18 EDAVARONE

MITSUBISHI TANABE

LINK………https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/05/06/fda-approves-drug-to-treat-als-radicava-edaravone-%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%88%D9%86-%E4%BE%9D%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%A5%89/

19 EMICIZUMAB

ROCHE

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/11/17/fda-approves-new-treatment-hemlibra-emicizumab-kxwh-to-prevent-bleeding-in-certain-patients-with-hemophilia-a/

20 Enasidenib

LINK……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/08/02/enasidenib-%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8-%E4%BC%8A%E9%82%A3%E5%B0%BC%E5%B8%83/

21 Ertugliflozin

MERCK

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/02/10/ertugliflozin/

22 ETELCALCETIDE

Amgen

SYNTHESIS LINK……..https://cen.acs.org/articles/96/i4/the-year-in-new-drugs-2018.html

23 GLECAPREVIR

ABBVIE

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/10/05/glecaprevir-abt-493/

24 GUSELKUMAB

JOHNSON AND JOHNSON

Tremfya

guselkumab

FDA 7/13/2017

For the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis
Drug Trials Snapshot

25 Inotuzumab ozogamicin

PFIZER

LINK….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2015/10/23/fda-grants-breakthrough-status-for-pfizers-leukaemia-drug-inotuzumab-ozogamicin/

26 LATANOPROSTENE

VALEANT

latanoprostene bunod ophthalmic solution

FDA 11/2/2017

To treat intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.
Drug Trials Snapshot

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/09/27/nicox-stock-leaps-on-positive-ph-iii-glaucoma-drug-data-%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0/

27 LETERMOVIR

MERCK

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/05/16/letermovir-aic-246/

28 Macimorelin acetate

AETERNA ZENTARIS

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/01/07/aeterna-zentaris-submits-new-drug-application-to-fda-for-macimorelin-acetate-aezs-130-for-evaluation-of-aghd-2/

29 MEROPENEM

30 MIDOSTAURIN

NOVARTIS

• Chemistry Review(s) (PDF)

LINK…….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/04/29/fda-approves-new-combination-treatment-for-acute-myeloid-leukemia-rydapt-midostaurin/

31 Naldemedine

FDA 3/23/2017, Symproic, For the treatment of opioid-induced constipation

LINK……..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/01/24/naldemedine-%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AB%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9/

32 NERATINIB MALEATE

PUMA BIOTECH

LINK…https://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/04/11/neratinib-hki-272-puma-presents-positive-results-from-phase-ii-trial-of-its-investigational-drug-pb272/

33 NETARSUDIL

LINK……https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/01/29/netarsudil/

34 NIRAPARIB

TESARO

LINK…https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/12/22/niraparib-mk-4827/

35 OCRELIZUMAB

ROCHE

LINK..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/03/30/fda-approves-new-drug-to-treat-multiple-sclerosis-ocrevus-ocrelizumab/

36 OZENOXACIN

MEDIMETRIX

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/03/28/ozenoxacin-in-phase-3-topical-formulation-in-the-treatment-of-impetigo/

37 Pibrentasvir

ABBVIE

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/06/08/abt-530-pibrentasvir/

38 PLECANATIDE

Plecanatide 普卡那肽 ليكاناتيد плеканатид

SYNERGY PHARMA

LINK ….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/04/21/plecanatide-%E6%99%AE%E5%8D%A1%E9%82%A3%E8%82%BD-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4/

39 RIBOCICLIB

NOVARTIS

Structure..link for correct structure

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2015/10/19/ribociclib/

40  SARILUMAB

SANOFI /REGENERON

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/11/25/late-stage-success-for-sanofiregeneron-ra-drug-sarilumab/

41 SECNIDAZOLE

SYMBIOMIX

link….https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/11/03/secnidazole-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E7%A1%9D%E5%94%91/

42 SAFINAMIDE

NEWRON PHARMA

• Chemistry Review(s) (PDF) for correct structure

LINK…https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/03/22/fda-approves-drug-xadago-safinamide-%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF-%E6%B2%99%E9%9D%9E%E8%83%BA-to-treat-parkins/

43 Semaglutide

NOVO NORDISK

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/07/22/a-survey-of-promising-late-stage-diabetes-drugs/

44 SOFOSBUVIR

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2013/12/11/us-approves-breakthrough-hepatitis-c-drug-sofosbuvir-all-about-drugs/

45 TELOTRISTAT ETHYL

LEXICON

46 VABORBACTAM

THE MEDICINES CO

LINK     https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/09/05/vaborbactam-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC-%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%85-%E6%B3%95%E7%A1%BC%E5%B7%B4%E5%9D%A6/

47 VALBENAZINE

NEUROCRINE

• Chemistry Review(s) (PDF)

LINK…………..https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/04/12/fda-approves-first-drug-ingrezza-valbenazine-to-treat-tardive-dyskinesia/

48 Vestronidase alfa-vjbk

ULTRAGENYX

LINK…https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/11/16/fda-approves-mepsevii-vestronidase-alfa-vjbk-for-treatment-for-rare-genetic-enzyme-disorder/

49 VELPATASVIR

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/07/30/velpatasvir-gs-5816-gilead-sciences-%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80-%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%E7%BB%B4%E5%B8%95/

50 VOXILAPREVIR

GILEAD

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2017/07/19/voxilaprevir-%D9%81%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%E4%BC%8F%E8%A5%BF%E7%91%9E%E9%9F%A6-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2/

SECTION B; EMA approvals

European Medicines Agency’s – Human medicines: Highlights of 2017

Advances in medicines authorizations are essential for public health as they have the potential to improve treatment of diseases. In 2017, EMA recommended 92 medicines for marketing authorization. Of these, 35 had a new active substance, which has never been authorized in the European Union (EU) before. Many of these medicines represent a significant improvement in their therapeutic areas; they include medicines for children, for rare diseases and advanced therapies42. Amongst the 35 new active substances (NAS) that EMA recommended, 11 were new drugs and biologics to treat cancer, 05 to treat neurological disorders, 04 for infectious diseases, 04 for immunology/rheumatology, 03 for endocrinology, 02 each for Uro-nephrology, haematology, and dermatology, 01 for Pneumonology, and 01 for hepatology/gastroenterology class of drugs.

SECTION B; EMA Approvals

Combined drugs  USFDA+EMA list are listed below. trying to simplify search

1 Abaloparatide   USFDA

2 Abemaciclib  USFDA

3 ACALABRUTINIB USFDA

3A ALOFISEL        EMA

4 ANGIOTENSIN II USFDA

4A Atezolizumab            EMA

5 AVELUMAB      USFDA+EMA

6 BENRALIZUMAB     USFDA+EMA

7 BENZNIDAZOLE USFDA

8 BETRIXABAN USFDA

9 BRIGATINIB USFDA

10 BRODALUMAB    USFDA+EMA

10A BUROSUMAB           EMA

10B CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE        EMA

11 CERLIPONASE ALPA    USFDA+EMA

12 COPANLISIB USFDA

13 DEFLAZACORT USFDA

14 Delafloxacin USFDA

15 Deutetrabenazine USFDA

16DUPILUMAB    USFDA+EMA

17 DURVALUMAB   USFDA

18 EDAVARONE   USFDA

19 EMICIZUMAB USFDA

20 Enasidenib USFDA

21 ERTUGLIFLOZIN USFDA

22 ETELCALCETIDE USFDA

22A FLUCICLOVINE  EMA

23 GLECAPREVIR    USFDA+EMA

24 GUSELKUMAB    USFDA+EMA

25 INOTUZUMAB OZOGAMICIN     USFDA+EMA

26 LATANOPROSTENE USFDA

27 LETERMOVIR    USFDA+EMA

27A Utetium lu 177 dotatate        EMA

28 MACIMORELIN ACETATE USFDA

29 MEROPENEM USFDA

30 MIDOSTAURIN     USFDA+EMA

31 NALDEMEDINE USFDA

32 NERATINIB USFDA

33 NETARSUDIL USFDA

34 NIRAPARIB    USFDA+EMA

34A NONACOG        EMA

34B NUCINERSEN        EMA

35 Ocrelizumab    USFDA+EMA

35A OXERVATE         EMA

36 OZENOXACIN USFDA

36A PATIROMER        EMA

36B PADELIPORFIN        EMA

37 PIBRENTASVIR     USFDA+EMA

38 PLECANATIDE USFDA

39 RIBOCICLIB      USFDA+EMA

39A ROLAPITANT         EMA

39B RURLOCTOCOG        EMA

40  SARILUMAB    USFDA+EMA

41 SECNIDAZOLE USFDA

42 SAFINAMIDE USFDA

43 SEMAGLUTIDE    USFDA+EMA

43A SODIUM ZIRCONIUM CYCLOCYLICATE        EMA

44 SOFOSBUVIR    USFDA+EMA

44A SPHEROX       EMA

45 TELOTRISTAT ETHYL    USFDA+EMA

45A TIVOZANIB        EMA

45B TOFACITINIB      EMA

45C TRUMENBA        EMA

46 VABORBACTAM USFDA

47 VALBENAZINE  USFDA

48 VESTRONIDASE ALFA-VJBK USFDA

49 VELPATASVIR    USFDA+EMA

50 VOXILAPREVIR     USFDA+EMA

Drugs EMA list missed out in usfda list

3A ALOFISEL

link………https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/03/02/alofisel-darvadstrocel-cx-601/

4A Atezolizumab

10A BUROSUMAB

10B CARIPRAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE

22A FLUCICLOVINE

LINK https://newdrugapprovals.org/2016/05/28/fda-approves-new-diagnostic-imaging-agent-fluciclovine-f-18-to-detect-recurrent-prostate-cancer/

SEE EMA

http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/004197/human_med_002100.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124

27A lutetium lu 177 dotatate

34A NONACOG

34B NUCINERSEN

35A OXERVATE

36A PATIROMER

36B PADELIPORFIN

39A ROLAPITANT

39B RURLOCTOCOG

 43A SODIUM ZIRCONIUM

 44A SPHEROX

45A TIVOZANIB

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antineoplastic agents

Therapeutic indication

Fotivda is indicated for the first line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and for adult patients who are VEGFR and mTOR pathway inhibitor-naïve following disease progression after one prior treatment with cytokine therapy for advanced RCC.

Treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma

Fotivda : EPAR -Product Information

http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/004131/human_med_002146.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124

http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/004131/WC500239035.pdf

Tivozanib is synthesized in three main steps using well defined starting materials with acceptable
specifications.
Adequate in-process controls are applied during the synthesis. The specifications and control methods for
intermediate products, starting materials and reagents have been presented. The critical process
parameters are duly justified, methodology is presented and control is adequate.
The characterisation of the active substance and its impurities are in accordance with the EU guideline on
chemistry of new active substances. Potential and actual impurities were well discussed with regards to
their origin and characterised.
The active substance is packaged in a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bag which complies with the EC
directive 2002/72/EC and EC 10/2011 as amended.

Product details

Publication details

LINK………https://newdrugapprovals.org/2018/02/26/tivozanib-%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%9C%E3%82%B6%E3%83%8B%E3%83%96%E5%A1%A9%E9%85%B8%E5%A1%A9%E6%B0%B4%E5%92%8C%E7%89%A9/

45B TOFACITINIB

45C TRUMENBA

KEEP WATCHING UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND WILL BE PASTED SOON………………………………………..

KEEP WATCHING UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND WILL BE PASTED SOON………………………………………..

KEEP WATCHING UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND WILL BE PASTED SOON………………………………………..

KEEP WATCHING UNDER CONSTRUCTION AND WILL BE PASTED SOON………………………………………..

REFERENCES

1 http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/news_and_events/news/2018/01/news_detail_002886.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058004d5c1

2 http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Report/2018/01/WC500242079.pdf

“NEW DRUG APPROVALS” CATERS TO EDUCATION GLOBALLY, No commercial exploits are done or advertisements added by me. This is a compilation for educational purposes only. P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent

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amcrasto@gmail.com

I , Dr A.M.Crasto is writing this blog to share the knowledge/views, after reading Scientific Journals/Articles/News Articles/Wikipedia. My views/comments are based on the results /conclusions by the authors(researchers). I do mention either the link or reference of the article(s) in my blog and hope those interested can read for details. I am briefly summarising the remarks or conclusions of the authors (researchers). If one believe that their intellectual property right /copyright is infringed by any content on this blog, please contact or leave message at below email address amcrasto@gmail.com. It will be removed ASAP

////////EMA APPROVALS, USFDA Approvals, ACALABRUTINIB, AVELUMAB, BETRIXABAN, BRODALUMAB, COPANLISIB, DEFLAZACORT, Delafloxacin, Deutetrabenazine, DUPILUMAB, ETELCALCETIDE, Naldemedine, NETARSUDIL, NIRAPARIB, Ocrelizumab, PLECANATIDE, RIBOCICLIB, SAFINAMIDE, TELOTRISTAT ETHYL, VALBENAZINE, CERLIPONASE, BRIGATINIB, MIDOSTAURIN, Abaloparatide, BENZNIDAZOLE, NERATINIB, inotuzumab ozogamicin, Enasidenib, LETERMOVIR, GLECAPREVIR, PIBRENTASVIR, VOXILAPREVIR, SOFOSBUVIR, EDAVARONE, abemaciclib, ANGIOTENSIN II, VESTRONIDASE, macimorelin acetate, ERTUGLIFLOZIN, SEMAGLUTIDE, EMICIZUMAB, eu 2017, fda 2017, BENRALIZUMAB, DURVALUMAB, GUSELKUMAB, LATANOPROSTENE, OZENOXACIN, SARILUMAB, SECNIDAZOLE, BENRALIZUMAB, TIVOZANIB, SARILUMAB, FLUCICLOVINE, 

The results are consistent with prior studies which have shown that consumption of 100% fruit juice is not linked to increasing risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It also supports a growing body of evidence that fruit juice has no significant impact on glycemic control.The study involved comprehensive data analysis that quantitatively evaluated the correlation between…

via One hundred percent fruit juice does not alter blood sugar levels — Med-Chemist

Eating Nuts may dramatically improve Colon Cancer outcomes Those who regularly consumed at least two, one-ounce servings of nuts each week demonstrated a 42% improvement in disease-free survival and a 57% improvement in overall survival. Nut Consumption and Survival in Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: Results From CALGB 89803 (Alliance). Journal of Clinical […]

via Eating Nuts may dramatically improve Colon Cancer outcomes — ClinicalNews

Cafestol, a Bioactive Substance in Coffee, Has Antidiabetic Properties in KKAy Mice https://lnkd.in/e7BxMkg

Cafesterol

• Molecular FormulaC₂₀H₂₈O₃
• Average mass316.435 Da
• (1S,4S,12S,13R,16S,17R)-17-(Hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-8-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.0^1,13.0^4,12.0^5,9]nonadeca-5(9),6-dien-17-ol
  (1S,4S,12S,13R,16S,17R)-17-(Hydroxymethyl)-12-methyl-8-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.0^1,13.0^4,12.0^5,9]nonadeca-5(9),6-dien-17-ol
  (1S,4S,12S,13R,16S,17R)-17-(Hydroxyméthyl)-12-méthyl-8-oxapentacyclo[14.2.1.0^1,13.0^4,12.0^5,9]nonadéca-5(9),6-dién-17-ol
  (3bS,5aS,7R,10aR,10bS)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-10b-methyl-3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-dodecahydro-5a,8-methanocyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-b]furan-7-ol
  [3bS-(3ba,5ab,7b,8b-10aa,10bb)]-3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-Dodecahydro-7-hydroxy-10b-methyl-5a,8-methano-5aH-cyclohepta[5,6]-naphtho[2,1-b]furan-7-methanol
  Cafesterol
  469-83-0 [RN]

Scientists identify health benefits of cafestol in coffee

Drinking three to four cups of coffee per day has been shown to decrease the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Now, scientists report they have identified two compounds that contribute to this health benefit. Researchers say that this knowledge could someday help them develop new medications to better prevent and treat the disease.

Patients with type 2 diabetes become resistant to insulin, a hormone that helps turn glucose from food into energy. To overcome this resistance, the pancreas makes more insulin, but eventually, it just can’t make enough. High blood glucose levels can cause health problems, such as blindness and nerve damage.

Coffee’s cafestol has dual benefits

Several genetic and life style risk factors have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, but drinking coffee has been shown to help prevent its onset. Caffeine was thought to be responsible, but studies have shown it has only a short-term effect on glucose and insulin, and decaffeinated coffee has the same effect as the regular version of the drink. To investigate which of coffee’s many bioactive components are responsible for diabetes prevention, Søren Gregersen and colleagues tested the effects of different coffee substances in rat cell lines.

The researchers investigated different coffee compounds’ effects on cells in the lab. Cafestol and caffeic acid both increased insulin secretion when glucose was added. The team also found that cafestol increased glucose uptake in muscle cells, matching the levels of a currently prescribed antidiabetic drug. They say cafestol’s dual benefits make it a good candidate for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, because coffee filters eliminate much of the cafestol in drip coffee, it is likely that other compounds also contribute to these health benefits.

LINK….https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/news/21531/scientists-identify-health-benefits-of-cafestol-in-coffee/

Cafestol

Names
IUPAC name (3bS,5aS,7R,8R,10aR,10bS)-3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-Dodecahydro-7-hydroxy-10b-methyl-5a,8-methano-5aH-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-b]furan-7-methanol
Identifiers
CAS Number	469-83-0
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:3291
ChemSpider	10289419
KEGG	C09066
PubChem CID	108052
UNII	AC465T6Q6W
InChI[show]
SMILES[show]
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H28O3
Molar mass	316.44 g·mol−1
Melting point	158 to 162 °C (316 to 324 °F; 431 to 435 K)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Structural Formula Vector Image

Title: Cafestol CAS Registry Number: 469-83-0 CAS Name: [3bS-(3ba,5ab,7b,8b,10aa,10bb)]-3b,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,10a,10b,11,12-Dodecahydro-7-hydroxy-10b-methyl-5a,8-methano-5aH-cyclohepta[5,6]naphtho[2,1-b]furan-7-methanol Additional Names: cafesterol Molecular Formula: C20H28O3 Molecular Weight: 316.43 Percent Composition: C 75.91%, H 8.92%, O 15.17% Literature References: Diterpenoid constituent of coffee. Isoln from green coffee oil: Slotta, Neisser, Ber. 71, 1991, 2342 (1938); C. Djerassi et al., J. Org. Chem. 18, 1449 (1953). Prepn and purification: R. Bertholet, US 4692534 (1987 to Nestec). Structure: C. Djerassi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 2386 (1959); R. A. Finnegan, C. Djerassi, ibid. 82, 4342 (1960). Stereochemical studies: R. A. Finnegan, J. Org. Chem. 26, 3057 (1961); A. I. Scott et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 84, 3197 (1962); A. I. Scott et al., Tetrahedron20, 1339 (1964). Stereospecific total synthesis of (±)-form: E. J. Corey et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 4717 (1987). Properties: Crystals from hexane, mp 158°-l60°. [a]D -101°. uv max: 222 nm (log e 3.78). Melting point: mp 158°-l60° Optical Rotation: [a]D -101° Absorption maximum: uv max: 222 nm (log e 3.78) Derivative Type: Acetate Molecular Formula: C22H30O4 Molecular Weight: 358.47 Percent Composition: C 73.71%, H 8.44%, O 17.85% Properties: Needles from petr ether, mp 167-168°. [a]D -89°. uv max: 222 nm (log e 3.80). Melting point: mp 167-168° Optical Rotation: [a]D -89° Absorption maximum: uv max: 222 nm (log e 3.80) Derivative Type: Tetrahydrocafestol Molecular Formula: C20H32O3 Molecular Weight: 320.47 Percent Composition: C 74.96%, H 10.06%, O 14.98% Properties: Crystals from dil methanol, mp 154.5-157°. Melting point: mp 154.5-157°

//////////Cafesterol

CC12CCC3=C(C1CCC45C2CCC(C4)C(C5)(CO)O)C=CO3

In continuation of my update on Vitamin D, The study reinforces the existing theory that vitamin D helps defend against certain cancers. Exposure to sunlight stimulates the production of vitamin D by our skin. Vitamin D contributes to calcium level maintenance in our bodies, which in turn helps teeth, muscles and bones remain healthy. Aside from established benefits of…

via High vitamin D levels may help prevent cancer — Med-Chemist

4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-phenethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolanehttp://orgsyn.org/demo.aspx?prep=v94p0234 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (1) has the following physical and spectroscopic properties: Rf = 0.47 (3:97, ethyl acetate:pentane), the checkers report the following values for 1: Rf = 0.09 (3:97 ethyl acetate:pentane); Rf = 0.52 (10% EtOAc in hexanes); Merck silica gel 60 F254 plate; mp 38-39 °C; 1H NMR pdf(CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ: 1.18 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (s, 12H), 2.79 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.16-7.22 (m,…

via 4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-2-phenethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane — ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL

Green Chem., 2018, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C8GC00042E, Communication Hanna Stachowiak, Joanna Kazmierczak, Krzysztof Kucinski, Grzegorz Hreczycho For the first time, a general method for catalyst-free and solvent-free hydroboration of various aldehydes has been developed Catalyst-free and solvent-free hydroboration of aldehydes Catalyst-free and solvent-free hydroboration of aldehydes Hanna Stachowiak,a Joanna Kaźmierczak,a Krzysztof Kucińskia and Grzegorz Hreczycho*a Author affiliations *Corresponding authors…

via Catalyst-free and solvent-free hydroboration of aldehydes — All About Drugs

Roquinimex

• Molecular FormulaC₁₈H₁₆N₂O₃
• Average mass308.331 Da

Roquinimex (Linomide) is a quinoline derivative immunostimulant which increases NK cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity. It also inhibits angiogenesis and reduces the secretion of TNF alpha.

Investigated as a treatment for some cancers (including as adjuvant therapy after bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia) and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and recent-onset type I diabetes.

Roquinimex has been investigated as a treatment for some cancers (including as adjuvant therapy after bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia) and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and recent-onset type I diabetes. Several trials have been terminated due to serious cardiovascular toxicity.

Synthesis

Ethyl 2-(methylamino)benzoate is condensed with ethyl malonate. Amine-ester ineterchange of that compound with N-methylanilineresults in formation of the amide roquinimex.

PAPER

Using DOE to Achieve Reliable Drug Administration:  A Case Study

Design of experiments (DOE), a statistical tool, and mathematical modeling techniques are established and proven methodologies for process and product improvements in the pharmaceutical industry. This contribution presents a case study where an unsatisfactory dissolution capacity for the drug Roquinimex was overcome by investigating the process parameters with the help of an experimental design. By elucidating the detailed effects of temperature, dosing time, and dilution, conformity in the particle size distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) from batch to batch in full-scale manufacturing could be ensured. As a direct result the manufactured drug met its specified dissolution capacity, which was a prerequisite for obtaining the desired bioavailability of the pharmaceutical oral formulation. This work demonstrates how the use of DOE in chemical process development adds value by allowing efficient and reliable improvements of a given synthetic step.

1 H NMR (4): δ 12.4 (broad s, 1H, OH), 8.1 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.5 (m, 1H, Ar), 7.1 (m, 7H, Ar), 3.5 (s, 3H, NCH3 ), 3.3 5 (s, 3H, NCH3 ).

SYN

BE 0904431; DE 3609052; GB 2172594; JP 1986221194; US 4672057

By condensation of 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (I) with N-methylaniline (II) by heating at 125 C and distillation of the ethanol formed.

CLIP

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0731708597001076

1H-NMR spectrum of linomide in DMSO at 298 K recorded on a Bruker AC

13C-DEPT experiment of linomide in DMSO at 298 K recorded on a Bruker AC

A 2D 13C–1H COLOC experiment of linomide in DMSO at 298 K recorded on

COSY 45° spectrum of linomide in DMSO at 298 K recorded on a Bruker AC

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5912349

U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,971 discloses roquinimex and a method to produce it. The disclosed method starts with N-methylisatoic anhydride (I) and requires three steps. The improved process of the present invention starts with the same N-methylisatoic anhydride (I) and requires fewer steps.

The process of the present invention is practiced according to EXAMPLE 2. It is preferred to perform the claimed process in an aprotic solvent. Suitable aprotic solvents include DMF, THF, glyme, dioxane and ether and mixtures thereof.

The roquinimex produced by the process of the invention (EXAMPLE 2) can be upgraded or purified by the process of EXAMPLE 3.

Roquinimex is known to be useful as a pharmaceutical agent, see U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,971. It is preferably used in treating multiple sclerosis, in particular the treatment of relapsing remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. In treating multiple sclerosis roquinimex is administered in an oral dose of from about 2.0 to about 5.0 mg/day.

Example 1

N-Methyl-N-Phenyl-α-Carbomethoxyacetamide (V)

Mono-methyl malonate potassium salt also known as potassium methyl malonate (73.32 g, 0.47 mol) and water (50 ml) are cooled to 5° with an ice bath, and concentrated hydrochloric acid (40 ml) is added over a 30 minute period while the temperature is maintained below 10°. The mixture is filtered with suction to remove potassium chloride, and the precipitate washed with methyl t-butylether (75 ml). The aqueous layer of the filtrate is separated and washed with methyl t-butyl ether (3×50 ml). The combined methyl t-butyl ether extracts are dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate; then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure at 45-50° to give carbomethoxy acetic acid. This product was checked by NMR for complete removal of the methyl t-butyl ether solvent.

Carbomethoxy acetic acid (100 g, 0.84 mol) is dissolved in methylene chloride (400 ml). Thionyl chloride (100 g, 0.84 mol) is added via a dropping funnel. It can be added rapidly as there is little, if any, exotherm produced during the addition. After addition, the reaction is refluxed at 40-45° for 1 hr. At the end of the reflux period, 50% of the methylene chloride is removed (200 ml) by distillation at atmospheric pressure and 40-45°. Fresh methylene chloride is added (200 ml) followed by distillation to again remove 50% of the total volume. This add-distillation procedure is repeated two times to give the carbomethoxy acetyl chloride.

The carbomethoxy acetyl chloride mixture is cooled in an ice-salt bath to -5 to 0° and N-methyl aniline (55.64 g, 0.52 mol) in methylene chloride (200 ml) is added at a rate so as to maintain the temperature of the reaction mixture between -5 to 0°. The addition is performed using an addition funnel and can normally be carried out over a 3-5 min time period to control the slight exotherm. Pyridine (66.36 g, 0.84 mol) in methylene chloride (200 ml) is then added to the above mixture. The addition rate is adjusted so as to keep the temperature of the reaction between -5 to 0° during the addition. The addition is performed using an addition funnel and can normally be carried out over a 3-5 min time period to control the slight exotherm. After the addition is complete (as measured by HPLC) the reaction is quenched by pouring the reaction mixture into water (500 ml) and stirring continued for 30 min. The reaction is equilibrated and the methylene chloride layer separated. Additional methylene chloride (400-500 ml) is added and the methylene chloride mixture is washed successively with hydrochloric acid (1N, 2×300 ml), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2×300 ml), saline (1×600 ml) and the methylene chloride mixture dried through anhydrous sodium sulfate. Concentration of the mixture under reduced pressure at 40-45° gives the title compound, HPLC (Nucleosil column; acetonitrile/water, 45/55, 1 ml/min, UV=229 nm; Retention times for N-methyl-N-phenyl-α-carbomethoxyacetamide˜6.0 min; N-methyl aniline˜11.0-12.0 min.

Example 2

Preparation of Roquinimex (IV) from N-Methylisotoic anhydride (I) and N-Methyl-α-carbomethoxyacetamide (V)

N-Methyl-N-phenyl-α-carbomethoxyacetamide (V, EXAMPLE 1, 139 g, 0.671 mole) and DMF (695 mL). The mixture is subject to reduced pressure and purged with nitrogen three times. While at room temperature (20-25°), potassium t-butoxide solution (1.714 M in THF, 367 mL, 0.630 mole) is added in one portion. A small exotherm and slight darkening of the mixture followed this addition. The mixture is heated to 80-90° and kept at this temperature for 1.5 hr.

A -78° cooling bath is placed on the receiving flask of the distillation assembly, the nitrogen flow is shut off and the mixture is subject to reduced pressure over 0.5 hr to remove the THF solvent. The pot temperature at the end of the distillation is 72-76°. The amount of distillate collected should be nearly identical to the amount of potassium tert-butoxide reagent used, (367 ml). The mixture is then heated to 80-85° and N-methylisotoic anhydride (I, 70.72 g, 0.400 mole) is added in one portion followed by a 5-10 mL DMF wash. Gas evolution with foaming followed the addition and subsequent wash. The equipment is modified at this point to include a reflux condenser with a vacuum port. With the temperature still at 80-85°, the mixture is placed under reduced pressure and the mixture refluxed for 30 min. After refluxing the temperature is 79°. The reduced pressure and heat source are removed, the system is repressurized with nitrogen and the temperature is allowed to drop to 30° (±2°). Hydrochloric acid (0.6 N, 2.295 L) is added slowly via an addition funnel attached to the claisen head over 2.5 hr, to pH=1.0-1.5, making sure the temperature does not exceed 32°. The temperature control is especially critical at the beginning of the addition when a mild exotherm occurs. The temperature at the end of the addition is nearly room temperature (24-25°). When the acid addition is complete, the resulting slurry is stirred for 30 min and then let stand overnight before filtration. The solids are washed with water (2 ×330 mL) and dried on a nitrogen press to give the title compound, HPLC (Nucleosil column; acetonitrile/water, 45/55, 1 ml/min, UV=229 nm; Retention times 2.29 min.

Example 3

Purification of Roquinimex (IV)

Roquinimex crude is taken up in water (1.5 L) and the slurry is stirred vigorously at 20-25°. The pH is adjusted to 7.5-7.7 with sodium hydroxyde (7%, about 170 mL). (The base can be added as fast as possible but requires longer pH equilibration near the end of the addition (about 1-2 hr total addition time). It is recommended that 85% of the base is initially added to a stable pH and the rest is added dropwise until the pH has stabilized and falls into the desired range of 7.5-7.7.) Nearly all solids should be dissolved (some may remain however). After the base is added and the pH is stabilized for more than 30 min, Darco (charcoal, 15.00 g) is added and the mixture is stirred for 30 min. The mixture is filtered through a 0.45 micron Millipore filter and the filter cake is washed with water (2×175 mL). The filtrate is transferred to a flask.

The mixture is stirred vigorously, heated to 28-32° and hydrochloric acid (6 N, about 120 mL) is added over 30 to 45 min to a pH of 0.5 to 1.0. After the addition is over, the mixture is stirred for 15 min then allowed to stand, without stirring, at the above temperature for 2 hr before filtration. The filter cake is washed with water (2×180 mL) and dried on a nitrogen press to give essentially pure title compound.

PATENT

https://patents.google.com/patent/US6605616

The present invention relates to novel substituted quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives, to methods for their preparation, to compositions containing them, and to methods and use for clinical treatment of diseases resulting from autoimmunity, such as multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis and, furthermore, diseases where pathologic inflammation plays a major role, such as asthma, atherosclerosis, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel quinoline derivatives suitable for the treatment of, for example, multiple sclerosis and its manifestations.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Autoimmune diseases, e.g., multiple sclerosis (MS), insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), systemic lupuis erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and psoriasis represent assaults by the body’s immune system which may be systemic in nature, or else directed at individual organs in the body. They appear to be diseases in which the immune system makes mistakes and, instead of mediating protective functions, becomes the aggressor (1).

MS is the most common acquired neurologic disease of young adults in western Europe and North America. It accounts for more disability and financial loss, both in lost income and in medical care, than any other neurologic disease of this age group. There are approximately 250.000 cases of MS in the United States. Although the cause of MS is unknown, advances in brain imaging, immunology, and molecular biology have increased researchers’ understanding of this disease. Several therapies are currently being used to treat MS, but no single treatment has demonstrated dramatic treatment efficacy. Current treatment of MS falls into three categories: treatment of acute exacerbations, modulation of progressive disease, and therapy for specific symptoms.

MS affects the central nervous system and involves a demyelination process, i.e., the myelin sheaths are lost whereas the axons are preserved. Myelin provides the isolating material that enables rapid nerve impulse conduction. Evidently, in demyelination, this property is lost. Although the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for MS are not understood, several lines of evidence indicate that demyelination has an immunopathologic basis. The pathologic lesions, the plaques, are characterized by infiltration of immunologically active cells such as macrophages and activated T cells (2).

In U.S. Pat. No. 4,547,511 and in U.S. Pat. No. 4,738,971 and in EP 59,698 some derivatives of N-aryl-1,2-dihydro-4-substituted-1-alkyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide are claimed as enhancers of cell-mediated immunity. The compound

known as roquinimex (Merck Index 12th Ed., No. 8418; Linomide®, LS2616, N-phenyl-N-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxamide) belongs to this series of compounds. Roquinimex has been reported to have multiple immunomodulatory activities not accompanied with general immunosuppression (3-12). Furthermore, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,580,882 quinoline-3-carboxarnide derivatives are claimed to be useful in the treatment of conditions associated with MS. The particular preferred compound is roquinimex. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,594,005 quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives are claimed to be useful in the treatment of type I diabetes. The particular preferred compound is roquinimex. In WO 95/24195 quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives are claimed to be useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Particularly preferred compounds are roquinimex or a salt thereof. In WO95/24196 quinoline-3-carboxamide derivatives are claimed to be useful in the treatment of psoriasis. Particularly preferred compounds are roquinimex or a salt thereof.

In clinical trials comparing roquinimex to placebo, roquinimex was reported to hold promise in the treatment of conditions associated with MS (13, 14). There are, however, some serious drawbacks connected to roquinimex. For example, it has been found to be teratogenic in the rat, and to induce dose-limiting side effects in man, e.g., a flu-like syndrome, which prevents from using the full clinical potential of the compound.

Further, in WO 92/18483 quinoline derivatives substituted in the 6-position with a R_AS (O)_n-group (R_A=lower alkyl or aryl; n=0−2) are claimed, which possess an immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effect.

PAPER

Modified synthesis and antiangiogenic activity of linomide

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X00006995?via%3Dihub

PAPER

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jm031044w

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 3.28 (s, br, 3H, 1-NCH₃), 3.50 (s, 3H, 12-NCH₃), 7.1−7.3 (m, 7H, 6,8,2‘,3‘,4‘,5‘,6‘-aromatic CH), 7.56 (dt, J_HCCH = 7.5 and 8.5 Hz, J_HCCCH = 1.5 Hz, 1H, 7-aromatic CH), 8.09 (dd, J_HCCH = 8.0 Hz, J_HCCCH = 1.5 Hz, 1H, 5-aromatic CH), 12.3 (s, br, 1H, 4-OH). ¹³C NMR (CDCl₃) δ 28.7 (1C, 1-NCH₃), 38.3 (1C, br, 12-NCH₃), 104.6 (1C, 3-C), 113.5 (1C, 8-CH), 115.3 (1C, 10-C), 121.4 (1C, 6-CH), 124.6 (1C, 5-CH), 125.5 (2C, 2‘,6‘-CH), 126.7 (1C, 4‘-CH), 128.5 (2C, 3‘,5‘-CH), 132.3 (1C, 7-CH), 140.1 (1C, 9-C), 143.8 (1C, 1‘-C), 158.8 (1C, 2-CO), 164.3 (1C, 4-C), 169.4 (1C, 11-CO). MS-ESI:  m/z 309 [MH]⁺. Anal. (C₁₈H₁₆N₂O₃) C, H, N.

PATENT

https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2012050500&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription

1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxanilides have been described in the literature since the 1970s (refs 1-4). The most well-known compound in this class, roquinimex (Linomide), was first described by AB Leo as an immuno-stimulating agent (ref 4) but was later also found to have immuno-modulating effects, as well as anti-angiogenetic effects (refs 5a, b). Roquinimex has been claimed beneficial for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes type 1, and psoriasis, as well as for the treatment of cancer (refs 6a-d, 9d and refs therein).

The compound laquinimod (a 5-Cl, N-Et carboxanilide derivative) has been reported by Active Biotech AB to convey a better therapeutic index compared with roquinimex (refs 7a, b) and is currently in phase III clinical studies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Laquinimod has also entered clical trials in Crohn’s disease and

SLE. Two other compounds in the same class under clinical evaluation are tasquinimod (prostate cancer) and paquinimod (systemic sclerosis). Recently, a molecular target for laquinimod was identified as S100A9 (ref 8).

Fujisawa has reported on similar compounds with inhibitory activity on nephritis and on B16 melanoma metastases (refs 9a-d). Also the closely related thieno-pyridone analogs have been described as immunomodulating compounds with anti-inflammatory properties (ref

10).

Another closely related compound class are the corresponding N-pyridyl-carboxamide derivatives, which have been reported to have antitubercular activity as well as anti-inflammatory properties (ref

11). However, according to litterature (ref 10) these derivatives are less active as immunomodulating agents.

The N-hydrogen 3-carboxanilides (“N-H derivatives”) and the N-alkyl 3-carboxanilides (“N-alkyl derivatives”), respectively, are described in the prior art documents relating to inflammation, immunomodulation, and cancer as a homogenous group of compounds in terms of biological effects. Prior art also teaches that the N-alkyl derivatives are the preferred compound derivatives.

In fact, very few studies (refs 4, 9d) of N-hydrogen derivatives, especially in vivo studies, have been reported. Furthermore, no fundamental biological differences between the N-alkyl derivatives and the N-hydrogen derivatives, respectively, have been described.

However, some chemical properties of the N-hydrogen and the N-alkyl derivatives are different (ref 12). N-Alkyl derivatives adopt a twisted 3D-structure, whereas the N-H derivatives are stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds in a planar structure. The N-alkyl derivatives are more soluble in aqueous media, but also inherently unstable towards nucleophiles, such as amines and alcohols (refs 12, 13).

The N-alkyl derivatives roquinimex (N-Me) and laquinimod (N-Et) have been reported to be metabolized in human microsomes to give the corresponding N-hydrogen derivatives, via N-dealkylation catalyzed mainly by CYP3A4 (refs 14a, b).

bHLH-PAS (basic helix-loop-helix Per-Arnt-Sim) proteins constitute a recently descovered protein family functioning as transcripon factors as homo or hetero protein dimers (refs 15a, b). The N-terminal bHLH domain is responsible for DNA binding and contributes to dimerization with other family members. The PAS region (PAS-A and PAS-B) is also involved in protein-protein interactions determining the choice of dimerization partner and the PAS-B domain harbors a potential ligand binding pocket.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR or dioxin receptor) and its dimerization partner ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator) were the first mammalian protein members to be identified. AhR is a cytosolic protein in its non-activated form, associated in a protein complex with Hsp90, p23, and XAP2. Upon ligand activation, typically by chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons like TCDD, the Ahr enters the nucleus and dimerizes with ARNT. The AhR/ARNT dimer recognizes specific xenobiotic response elements (XREs) to regulate TCDD-responsive genes. The ligand binding domain of AhR (AhR-LBD) resides in the PAS-B domain.

Recently, it has been demonstrated that AhR is involved in Thl7 and Treg cell development and AhR has been proposed as a unique target for therapeutic immuno-modulation (refs 16a-c). The AhR ligand TCDD was shown to induce development of Treg (FoxP3⁺) cells, essential for controlling auto-immunity, and to suppress symptoms in the EAE model. In addition, activation of AhR has been shown essential for the generation of IL-10 producing regulatory Trl cells (ref 16d), and Ahr ligands have also been proven efficacious in other models of auto-immunity, e.g. diabetes type 1, IBD, and uveitis (refs 16e-h). Apart from controlling autoimmune disorders, AhR activation and Treg cell development have been implicated as a therapeutic strategy for other conditions with an immunological component, such as allergic lung inflammation, food allergy, transplant rejection, bone loss, and type 2 diabetes and other metabolic disorders (refs 17a-e).

Apart from its role as a transcription factor, AhR has been reported to function as a ligand-dependent E3 ubiguitin ligase (ref 18), and ligand-induced degradation of β-catenin has been demonstrated to suppress intestinal cancer in mice (ref 19). In addition, activation of AhR has been implicated to play a protective role in prostate cancer (ref 20).

Other members of the bHLH-PAS family are the HIF-α (hypoxia inducible factor alpha) proteins, which also hetero-dimerize with ARNT. In conditions with normal oxygen levels (normoxia), HIF-α proteins are rapidly degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and they are also inactivated by asparagine hydroxylation. Under hypoxic conditions, however, the proteins are active and upregulate genes as a response to the hypoxic state, e.g. genes for erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is essential for blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) and is together with HIF-1α considered as interesting targets for anti-angiogenetic tumour theraphy (ref 21). HIF-α proteins can be negatively and indirectly regulated by AhR ligands, which upon binding with AhR reduce the level of the common dimerization partner ARNT. Anti-angiogenetic effects can possibly also be achieved directly by AhR activity via upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (ref 22).

Title: Roquinimex CAS Registry Number: 84088-42-6 CAS Name: 1,2-Dihydro-4-hydroxy-N,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-N-phenyl-3-quinolinecarboxamide Additional Names: N-phenyl-N-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-oxoquinoline-3-carboxamide; 1,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-N,1-dimethyl-2-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxanilide Manufacturers’ Codes: LS-2616 Trademarks: Linomide (Pfizer) Molecular Formula: C18H16N2O3 Molecular Weight: 308.33 Percent Composition: C 70.12%, H 5.23%, N 9.09%, O 15.57% Literature References: Biological response modifier. Prepn: E. Eriksoo et al., EP 59698; eidem, US 4738971 (1982, 1988 both to AB Leo). Immunopharmacology: A. Tarkowski et al., Immunology 59, 589 (1986). Mechanism of action study: E.-L. Larsson et al.,Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 9, 425 (1987). Clinical evaluation in cancer patients: J. C. S. Bergh et al., Cancer Invest. 15, 204 (1997). Properties: Crystals from pyridine, mp 200-204°. Melting point: mp 200-204° Therap-Cat: Antineoplastic. Keywords: Antineoplastic; Immunomodulators.

Roquinimex

Clinical data
ATC code	L03AX02 (WHO)
Pharmacokinetic data
Biological half-life	26-42 hours
Identifiers
IUPAC name[show]
CAS Number	84088-42-6
PubChem CID	55197
ChemSpider	10619239
UNII	372T2944C0
ECHA InfoCard	100.163.758
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H16N2O3
Molar mass	308.331 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES[show]
InChI[show]
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Roquinimex (Linomide) is a quinoline derivative immunostimulant which increases NK cell activity and macrophage cytotoxicity. It also inhibits angiogenesis and reduces the secretion of TNF alpha.

/////////////////Roquinimex, Linomide, FCF-89, LS-2616, PNU-212616  

CN1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C(=C1O)C(=O)N(C)C3=CC=CC=C3

A cartoon representing how, in history, we are continuously faced with new scientific advancements that make us question what the future holds and whether what we currently have is still useful or should be replaced. What are the drugs of the future? Med. Chem. Commun., 2018, Advance ArticleDOI: 10.1039/C8MD90019A, Opinion Huy X. Ngo, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova…

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